Week 5

Question 1

what are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

the central system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 2

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 2

it is made up of all nerves that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

embryology

Answer 3

the branch that studied the development of embryos and fetuses from fertilization to birth to hatching

Question 4

meninges

Answer 4

layers of protective tissue below the skull

Question 5

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 5

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, serving as a protects cushion and providing essential nutrients while removing waste products

Question 6

Where is cerebrospinal produced

Answer 6

In the Ventricles

Question 7

Ventricles

Answer 7

Fluid-filled cavities within the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

The cerebrum

Answer 8

Makes up the visual surface of most of the brain

Question 9

Sulcus

Answer 9

A depression or fissure in the surface of the brain

Question 10

Gyrus

Answer 10

A ridge on the surface of the brain

Question 11

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 11

separates the left hemisphere form the right hemisphere

Question 12

Commissures

Answer 12

structures that connect the two brain hemispheres

Question 13

corpus collosum

Answer 13

the two hemispheres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 14

what is the thalamus responsible for

Answer 14

is responsible for relaying most sensory signals to their respective cortices

Question 15

What is the hypothalamus involved in

Answer 15

involved in the regulation of basic biological needs

Question 16

cerebellum

Answer 16

is a large deeply folded structure next to the back surface of the brainstem

Question 17

What is the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 17

responsible for coordination of fine movement and balance

Question 18

Sagittal Section

Answer 18

Divides the brain into left and right halves, providing a medial-lateral view

Question 19

coronal section

Answer 19

divides the brain into front and back portions, offering a front-facing view

Question 20

horizontal (transverse) section

Answer 20

divides the brain into upper and lower parts, providing a top-down view

Question 21

Neurons

Answer 21

specialized cells in the nervous system that transit electrical and chemical signals, establishing communication within the brain and throughout the body

Question 22

glial cells

Answer 22

non-neuronal cells that support and protect neurons in the nervous system

Question 23

Blood brain barrier

Answer 23

prevents foreign material (eg. viruses, drugs, etc) from the bloodstream from entering the brain

Question 24

there are a wide variety of types of glial cells with differing functions like

Answer 24

• immune regulation
• production of cerebrospinal fluid
• formation of the blood brain barrier by astrocytes

Question 25

White matter

Answer 25

Is composed of myelinated axons and serves as the communication network for transmitting information without the CNS

Question 26

Nerves

Answer 26

Budnems of specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that transmit signals between the central nervous system and the body, enabling sensory perception and movement

Question 27

Where do nerves typically transmit information between

Answer 27

Between the CNS and the body

Question 28

Neurons have several main parts common to all human cells

Answer 28

Soma Nucleus Membrane

Question 29

Neurons have several specialized parts thag are unique and are not generally found in other cell types

Answer 29

Axons Dendrites Myelin sheath Axon terminals

Question 30

What are dendritic covered in

Answer 30

Dendritic spines

Question 31

Dendritic spines

Answer 31

Small protruding structures found on the surface of densities in neurons

Question 32

What do dendritic spines do

Answer 32

Act as a recording point for chemicals release by other neurons

Question 33

What are neuronal axons coated in

Answer 33

Myelin

Question 34

Myelin sheath

Answer 34

Is a insulting material, derived from specialized glial cells

Question 35

What does Myelin sheath do

Answer 35

Acts to speed up action potentials (the electrical signals if neurons)

Question 36

What happens when myelin degenerates

Answer 36

It leads to multiple sclerosis

Question 37

Resting potential

Answer 37

Is the baseline electrical chatge across a neurons membrane when at rest

Question 38

the extracellular fluid

Answer 38

The difference in charge between the inside the cell and the outside the cell

Question 39

Elextrical charge for resting potential

Answer 39

70 milivolts

Question 40

Resting potential charge is maintained by two key main features

Answer 40

- Ion chemicals - Sodium potassium pump

Question 41

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 41

A cellular protien thag actively transports sodium jobs out of cells and pattassum ions into cells, maintaing ion balance essential for cell function

Question 41

Ion channels

Answer 41

Specialized proteins in the cell membrane that selectively allow specific ions, like sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride to pass through

Question 42

Action potential

Answer 42

Is a very brief shift in a neurons electrical charge thay travels along an axon

Question 43

Where does action typically begin

Answer 43

Near the soma of the neuron

Question 44

Absolute refractory Peruod

Answer 44

The minimum lenght of time after an action potentials during which another action potential cannot begin

Question 45

Synapse

Answer 45

Is a specialized junction or connection between two neurons that allows fir the transfer of electrochemical signals

Question 46

They enable

Answer 46

Neurons to transmit information to other cells

Question 47

Synaptic gap

Answer 47

The small space between thr axon terminal of a pre-synaptic neuron and post-snaptic neuron