week 5 Flashcards

Question

what do workers do with wax for honeybee pupae

Answer 1

Workers cover cell with wax Once worker is ready to emerge, cuts the wax with mandibles

Answer 2

Do different tasks based on their age As they age they do more outside the next From start to finish Cell cleaning → capping brood→ tending brood and queen → receiving nectar → handling pollen → comb building → hygienic → ventilating → patrolling → guard → foraging

Answer 3

Feeds developing larvae Hypopharyngeal glands developed (create royal jelly) Hygienic behaviour Identify diseased/dead brood, uncap them and remove from hive

Answer 4

Forages for pollen, nectar, water and propolis -Propolis is source of protein and prevents disease -Pollen is source of energy Phase lasts 10-21 days Orientation flights Hypopharyngeal glands atrophied Fanning Guarding -Old grumpy bees Orienting

Answer 5

Emergence Eats pollen and honey Orientation flights -8 days post-emergence Mating flights After mating, they die In fall, workers kick them out of hive

Answer 6

Lives 5-6 months Generate heat (keep queen warm)

Answer 7

Emergence Kills other queens Orientation flights Mating flights Mates with 10-20 drones Allows genetic diversity Once in life Egg laying 2-5 days post-mating 1500 eggs/day Releases pheromones to tell workers colony is fine If queen starts to fail, workers know and make replacement

Answer 8

a superorganism, group of organisms that work together as a single entity

Answer 9

Small adult population The queen will start to lay eggs Start to rear brood

Answer 10

Strong adult bee population Peak of brood rearing Drone production Swarming -Half of population leaves and starts somewhere else Honey production

Answer 11

Medium adult bee population Brood rearing stops Drone production stops No more pollen, focus on honey for winter

Answer 12

Cluster of winter worker bees will take care of queen

Answer 13

Pollination = plant sex Movement of pollen from anthers (male parts) to stigma (female parts)

Answer 14

Petal Attracts pollinators Stigma Traps pollen Anther Makes pollen Pistil Transports pollen to ovary Ovary Contains egg cells Stamen Proves support for anther Sepals Formerly protected the flower bud

Answer 15

Self Pollen movement within plant Cross Pollen movement between plants

Answer 16

$250 bil 9.5% of world agricultural production for human food

Answer 17

flowering plants

Answer 18

Insect pollination likely ancient Common ancestor of all angiosperms was insect pollinated

Answer 19

Bees and eudicots (main lineage of flowering plants) diversified at the same time Coevolution

Answer 20

Glandular organs that secrete nectar Can occur along many areas of flower Sepals, petals, pistils, ovaries, receptacle

Answer 21

Sucrose, glucose, fructose, amino acids, lipids, phenols

Answer 22

Patterns mimic pollinator activity Release nectar at different times of day to attract different types of insects

Answer 23

a sugary boost

Answer 24

Angraecum sesquipedale -Plant that has nectar at bottom of long tube -Only certain moth with long tongue can access -Moth Natural selection favors long tongue to get pollen -Orchid Natural selection favors longer nectary tubes so moth has to rub against reproductive organs Diascia floribunda -Plant that produces floral oils at end of long tube that bees need -Bees develop long lets to get at bottom

Answer 25

Nectaries on outside of plant to attract insects that fend off herbivores and pests Not for pollination and attract non-pollinators

Answer 26

Some ants have surface chemical that kill pollen Other ants defend plants with extrafloral nectaries Decrease bee visits dramatically

Answer 27

Number of flowers visited/minute varies between bee species Number of pollen grains deposited per single visit varies by species

Answer 28

Honey bees can lead to bad outcomes Not as many fertilized ovules More honey bees can cause less native pollinators in area Can cause less pollination

Answer 29

Flowers take different shapes to attract (and sometimes deceive) pollinators Different species of Pollinators look for certain colors and shapes to get pollen Plants independently come up with same system for attracting pollinators

Answer 30

Insects (and other pollinators) learn to recognize rewards (nectar and pollen) with different syndromes

Answer 31

floral mimicry

Answer 32

Food plant mimicry Plants look like they have reward, but don’t actually have reward Sexual mimicry Plants look and let of pheromones that look like mate Pollinator tries to mate with Oviposition site mimicry Plant mimics dead animals Insects try to lay eggs there

Answer 33

Monolecty - one pollinator visits one plant species (rare) Oligolecty - one pollinator visits several related plant species (common) Polylecty - one pollinator visits many unrelated plant species (common)

Answer 34

wasps pollinating figs

Answer 35

Fig flower inverted Wasps get in and lay eggs inside

Answer 36

Monoecious Each fig has both male and female flowers Dioecious Flowers only have male or female parts (not both)

Answer 37

coevolution Fig wasps cospeciated with figs but also have switched hosts Phylogeny of figs and fig wasps looks very similar

Answer 38

no Many plants have open flowers Many pollinators indiscriminate

Answer 39

no Highly specialized bees can get resources from generalist flowers

week 5 Flashcards

(69 cards)