Week 5

Question 1

List 4 meaning relations between predicates

Answer 1

synonymy, antonymy (gradable/binary), hyponymy, and polysemy

Question 2

List 4 meaning relations between propositions

Answer 2

entailment, contradiction, equivalence, and paraphrase

Question 3

Define synonymy

Answer 3

two predicates that share the same sense

Question 4

Define hyponomy

Answer 4

predicate B’s meaning is a part of predicate A’s meaning e.g. duck (hyponymn) - bird (hyperonym)

Question 5

Define heteronymy

Answer 5

a set of 3 or more predicates with the same hyperonym e.g. bluebird, duck, penguin

Question 6

Define binary antonyms

Answer 6

pairs of predicates; necessarily one or the other (no middle ground)

Question 7

Define gradable antonyms

Answer 7

pairs of predicates at opposite ends of a continuous scale (the is a middle ground)

Question 8

Define converses

Answer 8

uses the same participants, and the same relation is still expressed but the roles are reversed

Question 9

Define meronymy

Answer 9

a lexical field structured by part-whole relations e.g. in the form of X has (a) Y

Question 10

Define homonymy

Answer 10

two or more unrelated sense coincidentally sharing the same form e.g. bank

Question 11

Define polysemy

Answer 11

different but closely related senses e.g. orange

Question 12

What are taxonomies?

Answer 12

a classifactory system (tree-like diagram) that structures kinds/sub-kinds by hyponomy e.g. in the form of X is a (kind of) Y

Question 13

What is the basic level?

Answer 13

the clear image of a referent (the intermediate level in a taxonomy) e.g. apple in fruit-apple-Granny Smith

Question 14

What does the term ‘autotaxonomy’ mean?

Answer 14

refers to both a hyponym and a hyperonym

Question 15

In the example fruit-apple-Granny Smith, which is the subordinate form and which is the superordinate form?

Answer 15

subordinate - Granny Smith; superordinate - fruit