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NURS 3036 - Mental Health Theory > Week 5,6,7 Powerpoint > Flashcards

Week 5,6,7 Powerpoint Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Define mania

A

A distinct period when the predominant mood is elated, expansive, or irritable

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2
Q

What is the difference between hypomania and acute mania?

A

Hypomania = a little less manic

Acute mania = severe mania

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3
Q

What are some common problems associated with mania?

A
  • poor judgment
  • agitation
  • irritable
  • impulsive
  • hyperactivity
  • difficulty sleeping
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4
Q

Why do manic patient not want to go on medications?

A

Because they are feeling great!

- medications will bring them down

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5
Q

What are common medications for mania?

A
  • Lithium carbonate (mood stabilizer)

- Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Epival)

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6
Q

What elements are lithium closely related to?

A

Sodium and potassium

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7
Q

True or False:

Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range

A

True

- patient needs to have adequate water AND sodium in their diet or else lithium can become toxic

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8
Q

What happens to the lithium levels as you increase your sodium intake?

A

Decreases lithium level

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9
Q

Define alcohol dependency

A

A substance-related disorder in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon drinking alcohol

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10
Q

Define alcohol abuse

A

Psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcohol despite it’s negative consequences

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11
Q

Define alcoholism

A

Chronic and often progressive disease

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12
Q

What is a dual diagnosis or a concurrent (co-occurring) disorder?

A

Presence of a mental illness + substance dependence problem

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13
Q

Which axis does a concurrent diagnosis fall?

A

Axis I

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14
Q

True or False:

People with mental illness have much higher rates of addiction than people in the general population

A

True

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15
Q

When do alcoholism withdrawal symptoms appear, when do they peak and when do they get better?

A 
Appear = 6 - 48 hours after alcohol consumption has ceased
Peak = about day 2
Improve = by day 5
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16
Q

When can alcoholic hallucinations appear?

A

12 - 24 hours after alcohol has stopped

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17
Q

When can alcoholic withdrawal seizures appear?

A

24 - 48 hours after alcohol has stopped

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18
Q

When can alcoholic withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens) appear?

A

48 - 72 hours after alcohol has stopped

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19
Q

What is prescribed to patients that are exhibiting signs of anxiety, insomnia and seizures related to alcohol abuse?

A

Benzos

  • Ativan = short acting
  • Valium = longest acting
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20
Q

How are thiamine and alcoholism related?

A

Alcohol consumption can lead to decreased absorption of thiamine

  • Thiamine helps brain cells produce energy from sugar
  • When levels fall too low, brain cells cannot generate enough energy to function properly
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21
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of thiamine deficiency related to alcoholism?

A
  • vision, balance, and coordination problems
  • problems with learning
  • memory problems
  • long-term memory gaps
  • confabulating
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22
Q

What is confabulation?

A

When a person makes up stories, but with no conscious decision to deceive

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23
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Brain disorder caused by thiamine deficiency

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24
Q

What is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome a combination of which two diseases?

A
  1. Wernicke’s = damage to nerves in CNS and PNS

2. Korsakoff = memory problems

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25
Define Transference
Patients projecting, onto their helper's experiences and interpretations that stem largely from the patient's early relationships
26
Define counter transference
Process of helpers projecting onto their patient's experiences and interpretations that stem largely from the helper's early experiences
27
What is widely believed to contaminate the therapeutic relationship?
Counter-transference
28
Define personality traits
Prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts
29
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
A B C
30
What are the characteristics of cluster A (2)?
1. Odd | 2. Eccentric
31
What are the characteristics of cluster B (2)?
1. Dramatic | 2. Emotional
32
What are the characteristics of cluster C (2)?
1. Anxious | 2. Fearful
33
What are three disorders associated with cluster A?
1. Schiotypal 2. Paranoid 3. Schizoid
34
What are the 4 disorders associated with cluster B?
1. Borderline 2. Antisocial 3. Histrionic 4. Narcissistic
35
What are the 4 disorders associated with cluster C?
1. Dependent 2. Avoidant 3. Obsessive-compulsive 4. Passive aggressive
36
What is the most commonly diagnosed personality disorder?
Borderline personality disorder
37
What happens to borderline personality disorder patients, the longer they spend on the ward?
They get WORSE! | - access to a lot of people that they can't control
38
What is a very common symptom in patients with borderline personality disorder?
Anxiety
39
What is the concept behind CBT?
Our thoughts about the situation affect how we feel and how we behave
40
What is DBT?
Dialectial behaviour therapy | - problem solving, exposure techniques, skills training, emotional regulation, mindfulness
41
What is staff splitting?
When a patient says things to staff members to pin them against each other
42
In Erik Erikson's theory of development, what are 5-13 year old concerned with? 13-21 year olds?
``` 5-13 = industry vs. inferiority 13-21 = Identity vs. role confusion ```
43
What are the three sub-phases of the adolescent?
``` Early adolescence (11-14) Middle adolescence (15-17) Late adolescence (18-20) ```
44
What is the major milestone of adolescence?
Identify formation
45
What did Marcia conclude that identity formation included the minimum of what three things?
1. Commitment to a sexual orientation 2. An ideological stance 3 A vocational direction
46
What did Marcia say that the 4 categories of styles used by adolescent to resolve the issue of identity are?
1. Foreclosure - decisions made before exploration (adhere to family values) 2. Moratorium - decisions are delayed until options have been explored 3. Identity diffusion - decisions are avoided/socially isolated 4. Identity achievement - decisions are made after exploration and analysis
47
As a mental health profession, what should we focus on when helping adolescents?
Understand the consequences of their behaviours | - support them to make thoughtful decisions
48
In Erik Erikson's theory of development, what are 65 and older year olds concerned with?
Ego integrity vs. despair
49
True or False: | Old age is synonymous with illness, diability and decline in mental functioning
False | - it's not
50
True or False: | It is normal to be depressed in old age
False
51
What are the most common mental health problems in the old age population?
- Anxiety - Depressive symptoms - Depression
52
What age group has the highest rate of suicide?
Older adult
53
What is delirium?
- temporary disordered mental state - acute and sudden - cognitive impariemtn, disorientation, disturbance in attention
54
What is dementia?
- progressive decline | - leads to significant inability to maintain occupational and social performance
55
What is depression?
- physiological manifestations in varying severity from mild to severe
56
What are some causes of delirium?
- infection - stress - substance use - polypharmacy - dehydration - malnutrition - physical illness
57
Describe the attention span in a patient that is delirious, demented and depressed
``` Delirious = decreased Demented = normal Depressed = normal ```
58
Describe the onset of the disorder in a patient that is delirious, demented and depressed
``` Delirious = sudden Demented = usually months to years Depressed = usually over months to years ```
59
What is delirium commonly misdiagnosed as?
- Dementia - Depression - Mania - Acute schizophrenic reaction - Part of old age
60
How is grief different from depression?
Grief is a roller coaster of emotions | - good days and bad days

NURS 3036 - Mental Health Theory (5 decks)

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