Week 5&6- Axial and Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
(232 cards)
Axial Skeleton
-bones of skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
-main function= form framework that supports and protects organs
-spongy bone in axial contains hematopoietic tissue
Appendicular Skeleton
-bones of upper and lower limbs, and girdles of bones that attach upper and lower limbs to axial skeleton
-pectoral girdle= bones that hold upper limbs in place
-pelvic girdle= bones that hold lower limbs in place
Bones of Axial Skeleton
-80 in total
-22 in skull
-7 associated bones of skull
-26 in vertebral column
-25 in thoracic cage
Bones of skull
22 in total
Cranial bones (8):
-Frontal bone (1)
-Parietal bones (2)
-Temporal bones (2)
-Occipital bone (1)
-Sphenoid bone (1)
-Ethmoid bone (1)
Facial bones (14):
-Zygomatic bones (2)
-Lacrimal bones (2)
-Nasal bones (2)
-Vomer (1)
-Inferior nasal conchae (2)
-Palatine bones (2)
-Maxillae (2)
-Mandible (1)
Associated Bones of Skull
7 in total
-Auditory Ossicles (6)= malleus(2), incus(2), & stapes (2)
-Hyoid bone (1)
Vertebral Column
26 in total
-Cervical vertebrae (7)
-Thoracic vertebrae (12)
-Lumbar vertebrae (5)
-Sacrum (1)
-Coccyx (1)
Thoracic Cage
25 in total
-Sternum (1)
-Ribs (24)
Bones of Appendicular Skeleton
63 bones/side=126 in total
-Pectoral girdle (4)
-Upper limbs (30 bones/ each limb=60 in total)
-Pelvic girdle (2)
-Lower limbs (30 bones/limb = 60 in total)
Pectoral girdle
4 in total
-Clavicle (2)
-Scapula (2)
Upper limbs
60 in total (30/limb)
-Humerus (2)
-Radius (2)
-Ulna (2)
-Carpals (16)
-Metacarpals (10)
-Phalanges (28)
Pelvic girdle
2 in total
-Os coxae (2)
Lower limbs
60 in total (30/limb)
-Femur (2)
-Patella (2)
-Tibia (2)
-Fibula (2)
-Tarsals (14)
-Metatarsals (10)
-Phalanges (28)
Bone markings
Surface features that characterize each bone in the body
4 types:
1) Articulating surfaces
2) Depressions
3) Projections
4) Openings and spaces
Articulating Surfaces
Between adjacent bones and tend to be smooth
4 Types:
1) Condyle
2) Facet
3) Head
4) Trochlea
Condyle
Large, smooth, rounded, oval structure
Facet
Small, flat, shallow surface
Head
Prominent, rounded epiphysis
Trochlea
Smooth, grooved, pulleylike process
Depressions
Provide space for bony articulation, muscular structure, or other body component
3 Types:
1) Alveolus
2) Fossa
3) Sulcus
Alveolus
Deep pit or socket in maxillae or mandible
Fossa
Flattened or shallow depression
Sulcus
Narrow groove
Projections
Mark points where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach
9 Types:
1) Crest
2) Epicondyle
3) Line
4) Process
5) Ramus
6) Spine
7) Trochanter
8) Tubercle
9) Tuberosity
Crest
Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection