Week 5 Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus do?

A

Connects the pulmonary artery and the desending aorta

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2
Q

what physiological changes does baby go through in order to prepare for birth during the 3rd trimester?

A

Surfactant production

Glycogen build up

Brown fat build up

Subcutaneous fat build up

Swallowing amniotic fluid

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3
Q

Where do you find brown fat in babies?

A

Between scapulae and around internal organs

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4
Q

How do babies thermo regulate?

A

Non shivering thermogenesis

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5
Q

How does non shivering thermogenesis work?

A

Heat produced by breakdown of stored brown adipose tissue in response to catecholamines

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6
Q

Why do babies get jaundice?

A

Breakdown of fetal haemoglobin

Conjugating pathways are immature

rise in unconjugated bilirubin

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7
Q

What is the normal weight for a new born baby?

A

2.5kg to 4.0kg

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8
Q

What is a normal Apgar score?

A

> 8

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9
Q

What are the components of an Apgar score?

A

Heart rate

Resp rate

responsiveness

Tone
Colour

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10
Q

What is on the apgar table ?

A
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11
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate found in a newborn clinical assessment?

A

40-60 per minute

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12
Q

What is a normal heart rate in a newborn clinical assesment ?

A

120-140

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13
Q

What is a normal cap refill in a newborn baby?

A

2-3 seconds

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14
Q

What defines preterm?

A

birth before 37 completed weeks

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15
Q

What is term?

A

Birth between 37 and 42 weeks

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16
Q

What is the difference between early and late onset neonatal sepsis?

A

Early- bacteria acquired before and during delivery

Late- bacteria acquired after delivery

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17
Q

What causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome>

A

Surfactant deficiency

Structural immaturity

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18
Q

Who gets respiratory distress syndrome and how common is it?

A

75% of infants born before 29 weeks

10% born after 32 weeks

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19
Q

How do you mannage respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Maternal steroid

Surfactant

Ventilation

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20
Q

What is intraventricular heamorrhage?

A

From of intracranial haemorrhage that occours in preterm infants which begins bleeding into the germinal matrix

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21
Q

What are the likely outcomes of intraventricular haemorrhages?

A

grade 1 and 2: Neurodevelopmental delay 20% , mortality 10%

Grade 3 and 4: Neurodevelopmental delay 80%, mortality 50%

22
Q

What medication should all mothers take if they are trying to conceive and why should they take it?

A

Folic acid 400mg for 3 months prior and 3 months post conception

To prevent neural tube defects

23
Q

When is the period of greatest teratogenic risk?

A

between weeks 4 and 11

24
Q

What super common blood pressure drug is tertogenic?

A

ACE inhibitors

25
What percentage of babies born to women taking antiepileptics do not have any major congenital malformations?
96%
26
What blood pressure medication is good for pregnancy?
Labetalol Methylodopa maybe Nifedipine
27
What can be used to help with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Cyclizine
28
What can be used to treat UTI in pregnancy?
Nitrofurantoin Cefalexin
29
What is the thromboprophylaxic treatment for DVT in pregnant woman?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
30
What are the risk factors for DVT?
Obesity Age Smoking para \>3 DVT C-section
31
What does the baby do during the 3rd trimester in preperation for birth?
Surfactant production Accumulation of glycogen Accumulation of brown fat around scapulae and internal organs accumulation of subcutaneous fat swallows amniotic fluid
32
What causes the closure of fetal artery ducts
increased oxygen Decreased blood flow Decreased prostaglandins
33
What does the ductus arteriosus become when it closes?
Ligamentum arteriosus
34
What does the ductus venosus become when it closes?
Ligamentum teres
35
What is persistant pulomary hypertension of the new born
Foramen ovale and Ductus arteriosus stay open.
36
What is the normal weight for a term baby?
2. 5kg - 4.0kg 5. 5 pounds - 8.8 pounds
37
What do you call it when a baby is just doing real shit and cant supply its organs ?
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
38
What constitutes preterm?
Before 37 completed weeks
39
What are the main risk factors for preterm births?
\<6 months between pregnancies IVF Recerational drugs Poor nutrition
40
What lifestyle changes can help weak pelvic floor problems?
Healthy BMI Avoid constipation Smoking cessation Avoid heavy lifting Reduce caffine
41
What are some common tetarogenic drugs?
ACE inhibtitors Lithium Methotrexate Warfarin
42
What drugs are good for hypertension in pregnancy?
Labetalol Methyldopa
43
What is good for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?
Cyclizine
44
What thromboprophylaxis is good in pregnancy?
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
45
What happens in necrotisin enterocolitis?
Massive intestinal inflammation in pre term babies Air in bowel and free air under diaphram Perorations
46
what is this ? term Baby 48hrs old without meconium Vomiting lots with swollen tummy
Meconium ileus
47
What happens in meconium ileus?
Meconium is super thick so blocks the ilium
48
What baby disease is associated with cystic fibrosis?
Meconium ileus
49
What is the usual outcome for meconium ileus ?
Surgical Often left with stoma
50