week 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
whats the main determinant of health
biological facotrs behaviours social and cultural facotrs physical environment econome and political factros
whats the range from downstream to upstream
downstream = biological and behaviours midstream = social and cultural facotrs, physical enivronments upstream= economic and political factors
whats an example using the iceberg model for road trauma
- individual, attitudes and behaviours (speed, drink, driving)
- social/cultrual, peer pressure
- environmental, road and vehicle design, availability of public transport
- economic/political, laws and regulations
what are key biological facotrs
genes
sex
age
race and ethnicity
how stress influences biological risk factors
- mental state: stress hormones, changes in cholesterol, cancer
- psycho-neurobiological influenced; genetics, environments, personal relationships, family, friends, workplaces
health enhancing behaviours
regular physical activity
Good hygiene
Good nutrition
Stress management
behaviours that risk health
-smoking poor diet Sun exposure Unprotected sex Excessive alcohol consumption
whats the health belief model state
Person susceptibility to the problem: own opinion of chances they will obtain a condition based on their behaviours and perceived level risk.
Seriousness of consequences of the problem: ones perceived opinion of how severe the problem is and its consequences might be.
Perceived beliefs of particular actions: ones opinion of the benefits they will experience if health enhancing actions are taken.
Perceived barrier to taking action: persecution of costs they will endure if they take on health enhancing actions eg. Embarrassment
whats the trans theoretical model (stages of change)
Pre complication stage Complication stage Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse
whats self efficacy
The belief in own ability to succeed and overcome
People with poor self efficacy are less likley to seek help
how to remember transtheroretical model steps
people can party around melbourne river
individual influences on health behaviour
-Attitudes and beliefs
-Personality
-Values, Aspirations, Fears, Hopes
- Knowledge/Health literacy
- Self-efficacy
- self-esteem, feeling of power and control, confidence to take action, and beliefs about ability to change the situation
Skills (for decision-making and change)
Experience
- Motivation to change
whats the precontemplation stage and potential change strategies
- has no intention of taking action within the next 6 months
- increase awareness of need for change outline risks and benifits
whats the contemplation stage and potential change strategies
- intends to take action in the next six months
- motivate, encourage making plans
whats the preparation stage and potential change strategies
- intends to tak action within the next thirty days and has taken some behavioural steps in this direction.
- assist with developing and implementing concrete action plans
whats the action stage and potential change strategies
- has changed behaviour for less than six months
- assist with feedback, problem sling and reinforcement
whats the maintenance stage and potential change strategies
- has changed behaviour for more than six months
- assist with coping, reminders, avoiding relapse
what the theory of planned behaviours (TBS)
examines relationships between an individuals beliefs, attitudes, intentions, behaviour and perceived control over the behaviour.
whats the concepts of the theory planned behaviour
behavioural intention- perceived likelihood of performing behaviour
attitude- perceived evaluation of behaviour
subjectivity norm- motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval
perceived behavioural control- belief that one has and can exercise control over performing the behaviour
whats the precaution adaption process model
names seven stages in an individuals journey from awareness to action. Begins with lack of awareness and advanced through subsetnt stages of becoming aware, deciding wether or not to act, acting and maintaining the behaviour.
whats the health belief model
perceived susceptibility: beliefs about the chances of getting a condition. CHANGE STRATEGIES:Define what populations are at risk and their levels of risks, risk information based on an individuals characteristics or behaviours, develop accurate perception of own risks.
Perceived severity: beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequence. CHANGE STRATEGIES: specify consequences of a condition and recommend action.
Perceived benefits: beliefs about the effective of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness. CHANGE STRATEGIES: explain how, where, when to take actions and what potential positive results will be.
Perceived barriers: beleifs about the material and psychological costs of taking action. CHANGE STRATEGIES: offer reassurance, incentives and assistance.
Cues to action: factors that activate ‘rediness to change’. CHANGE STRATEGIES: provide training and guidance in performing action, use progressive goal setting, give verbal reinforcement and demonstrate desired behaviours.
