week 6

Question 1

whats social determinants

Answer 1

conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including health system.
-they are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global/national/local levels.

Question 2

what are the 10 social determinants

Answer 2

1. the social gradient
2. Stress
3. Early life
4. Social exclusion
5. Work
6. Unemployment
7. Social support
8. Addiction
9. Food
10. Transport

Question 3

recommendations of commission on social determinants

Answer 3

1. Improve daily living conditions
2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources
3. Measure and understand the problem and access the impact of action.

Question 4

whats the social gradient

Answer 4

People at the lowest levels of the social hierarchy have TWICE the risk of premature death and serious disease as those at the top.

Disadvantage=increased disease and premature death
Wealth inequality in a society affects outcomes even or the wealthy. People live longer if less inequality.
Inequality reduces social cohesion=stress, fear and insecurity for everyone

Question 5

whats causes of the social gradient

Answer 5

poor education
Poor housing
Poor resources=poor health=poor resources
Insecure job with low control=illness=absentiesm=reduced income and job security or unemployment.

Question 6

whats health in equality

Answer 6

measurable differences and disparities in health of individuals and groups.

Question 7

whats health in equities

Answer 7

refers to those inequalities of health deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice.

Question 8

whats early life of social determinants

Answer 8

The health impact of early development lasts a lifetime.
eg. Insecure emotional attachment=low educational attachment= problem behaviours= early school leavers= increased risk of social marginalisation as adults.

Question 9

action for early life

Answer 9

support for parents during pregnancy and early parenting

Accessible, supportive, low cost health services

Question 10

whats work as a social determinant

Answer 10

1. Occupational health and safety: accidents and injuries
2. Workplace stress
3. Job insecurity
4. Unemployment

Question 11

whats lack of job control cause

Answer 11

=stress=damage to CVS and immune system
Lack of control related to increased low back pain, absence and cardiovascular disease
People who have control over their work have better health.

Question 12

whats improved work conditions cause

Answer 12

=healthier work force= improved productivity.

Question 13

what does job insecurity lead to

Answer 13

Psychological problems
Premature death
Long term unemployment: cumulative, generational disadvantage
kids ages 16-18 year old more likely to:
Leave school early
Become parents
Be reliant on income support.

Question 14

whats absolute poverty

Answer 14

lack of necessities, material deprivation

Question 15

whats relative poverty

Answer 15

: poorer than most other people

Question 16

what is stress as a social determinant

Answer 16

Stressful circumstances, making people feel worried, anxious and unable to cope, are damaging to health and may lead to premature deat

Question 17

what is social exlussion as a social determinant

Answer 17

Poverty, relative deprivation and social exclusion have a major impact on health and premature death, and the chances of living in poverty are loaded heavily against some social groups.
raccissm also shows social exclusion
the more time people live in disadvantages areas the more likely they suffer from a range of health problems
leads to increase in disability, disease, illness, divorce, social isolation and addiction

Question 18

which is worse for health unemployment or insecure employment

Answer 18

insecure employment

Question 19

social support as a social determinant

Answer 19

Friendship, good social relations and strong supportive networks improve health at home, at work and in the community.

Question 20

addiction as a social determinant

Answer 20

• Alcohol dependence, illicit drug use and cigarette smoking are all closely associated with markers
  of social and economic disadvantage
• turn to alcohol to numb the pain of harsh economic and social conditions, and alcohol dependence leads to downward social mobility.

Question 21

food as a social determinant

Answer 21

A good diet and adequate food supply are central for promoting health and well-being. A shortage of food and lack of variety cause malnutrition and deficiency diseases. Excess intake (also a form of malnutrition) contributes to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, degenerative eye diseases, obesity and dental carie

Question 22

transport as a social determinant

Answer 22

Cycling, walking and the use of public transport promote health in four ways. They provide exercise, reduce fatal accidents, increase social contact and reduce air pollution.