Week 5

Question 1

What can be impaired in any LDs?

Answer 1

Inhibition (focusing)
Switching (detecting change and flexibility changing)
Sustaining over time (staying on tasks)

Question 2

Environmental variables

Answer 2

Background knowledge, home literacy practices, book-sharing strategies, exposure to literate language use

Child/school/parent input

Presence of a diagnosis

Question 3

Cognitive variables

Answer 3

Attention (inhibition, activation), memory (storage, capacity) relates to executive functioning and self-regulation

Question 4

Linguistic variables

Answer 4

Phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax

Pragmatics: joint attention, perspective-taking

Phonological awareness, morphological awareness, vocab, literate use of academic discourse, metalinguistic knowledge

Question 5

What are the three profiles?

Answer 5

Developmental
Learning
Phenotypic

Question 6

What are the five domains of development?

Answer 6

1. Cognitive and memory
2. Oral language
3. Sensory and motor
4. Social and emotional
5. Attention and executive function

Question 7

What is in the learning profile?

Answer 7

Description of academic/learning strengths and weaknesses/areas of improvement

Performance in specific tasks/subjects in school

Performance within language sub-systems that support reading and writing

Portfolio samples and standardized/naturalistic language testing

Question 8

What is in the phenotypic profile

Answer 8

Genotype - genetic composition

Phenotype - brain study data

Question 9

OWL-LD

Answer 9

Developmental Profile

• Preschool Hx of oral language delays (maybe late talker/late comprehender)
• Persisting oral/written language issues
• All other domains are typical

Learning Profile

• Impaired reading comprehension, vocab, sentence level, and inferencing
• Impaired test composition
• Similar impairments to dyslexia

Phenotype Profile-

• Impaired morphological coding, syntactic coding, word retrieval, and listening comprehension
• Same impairments as dyslexia

Question 10

Dyslexia

Answer 10

Developmental Profile

• First signs in Kindergarten and 1st grade
• Word decoding, word reading, word spelling, and text composition are impaired

Learning Profile

• Impaired phonological and orthographic coding
• Impaired phonological and orthographic loops (working memory and encoding and decoding)
• Difficulty with finger sequencing

Question 11

Dysgraphia

Answer 11

Developmental Profile

• First signs in Kindergarten and 1st grade
• Handwriting, letter formation, and automaticity of retrieval of ordered letters from memory impaired
• Spelling impaired
• Text composition affected

Learning Profile

• Impaired receptive/expressive orthographic coding
• Impaired orthographic loops
• Impaired sequential finger movements