Week 5

Question 1

CKD

Answer 1

Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 2

Functions of the Endocrine System

Answer 2

composed of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the bloodstream

-hormones enter the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body to affect a variety of tissues and organs.

Question 3

Endo-

Answer 3

within

Question 4

-crine

Answer 4

seperate or secrete

Question 5

structures of the Endocrine System

Answer 5

1 pituitary
1 thyroid
4 parathyroid
2 adrenal
1 pancreas
1 thymus
1 pineal gland
2 gonads

Question 6

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 6

base of the brain just below the hypothalamus

Question 7

secretions of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 7

• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
• prolactin
• growth hormone (GH)
• melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 8

secretions of the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 8

• antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

- oxytocin

Question 9

Thyroid Gland

Answer 9

butterfly shaped gland that secretes:

• triiodothyronine (T3)
• thyroxine (T4)
• calcitonin

Question 10

parathyroid gland

Answer 10

4 glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland

-secrete parathormone

Question 11

Adrenal Gland

Answer 11

located cranial to each kidney

-consist of a cortex and a medulla
-Adrenal cortex secretes:
mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens
-Adrenal Medulla Secretes:
epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 12

pancreas

Answer 12

Gland located near the proximal duodenum that has exocrine and endocrine functions.

• the endocrine functions of the pancreas maintain blood glucose levels.
• pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 13

Thymus

Answer 13

A gland predominant in young animals located near midline in the cranioventral portion of the thoracic cavity

-thymus secretes thymosin

Question 14

Pineal Gland

Answer 14

Located near midline in the central portion of the brain and functions in maintaining circadian rhythm.

-secretes melatonin

Question 15

Gonads

Answer 15

Produce gametes(sex cells)

Question 16

Ovaries

Answer 16

Female gonads

secretions of the ovaries:
-estrogen, and progesterone

Question 17

Testes

Answer 17

male gonads

Secretions:
-testosterone

Question 18

Functions of the Urinary System

Answer 18

Removes wastes from the body

-maintains homeostasis, or a constant internal environment within the body

Question 19

Structures of the Urinary System

Answer 19

• a pair of kidneys
• a pair of ureters
• single bladder
• single urethra

Question 20

Kidney

Answer 20

Located behind the lining of the abdominal cavity, or retroperitoneally

-the concave depression where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter attach is called the hilus

Question 21

Parts of the Kidney

Answer 21

Renal Cortex: outer part

Renal Medulla: inner part

Question 22

Structures of the Kidney

Answer 22

• Nephron (functional unit of the kidney)

- Renal Pelvis ( area of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureters)

Question 23

Structures of the Nephrons

Answer 23

• glomerulus: cluster of capillaries
• Bowman’s capsule: cup-shaped structure that contains the glomerulus
• proximal convoluted tubules= hollow tubes involved in reabsorption

Question 24

Urethra

Answer 24

a tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 25

Urinary Bladder

Answer 25

singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine

Question 26

Ureters

Answer 26

pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 27

Urine

Answer 27

Process of urine production: uropoiesis -normal urine is clear and pale yellow in most species - turbid=cloudy - Chrome= color

Question 28

CKD

Answer 28

-chronic kidney disease - Nonazotemic - mild renal azotemia - moderate renal azotemia - severe renal azotemia Treatment: renal transplantation, palliative treatment, slowing progression, correcting imbalnaces

Question 29

Urinary Disease

Answer 29

- Urolithiasis - Bacterial Cystitis; lower UTI's - Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) - Feline idiopathic cystitis(FIC)

Question 30

Feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 30

Formerly feline urologic syndrome or feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) - Hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria - urinalysis - dietary change (to dilute urine)

Question 31

Bacterial Cystitis

Answer 31

Most common cause cystitis in dogs -Females more than males -Enterobacteriaceae, gram negative enteric orgaisms, are common pathogens (E coli., Proteus etc.) -- Pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria - antibiotics - urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity