Week 5: Atrial Flagellates Flashcards by Mylene Alvarado

Atrial Flagellates also known as __________

Subphylum Mastigophora

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Atrial Flagellates:

Generally, have one to several long flagella in trophozoite form (except __________: pseudopodia)

Some species have rudimentary mouth called __________

Neuromotor apparatus consists of kinetoplast and axoneme

Reproduction is through __________.

G. lamblia and C. mesnili have cyst and troph forms, the others exist in trophozoite stage only.

D. fragilis, cytostome, binary fission

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Giardia duodenalis (formely G. lamblia)
Trichomonas vaginalis

PATHOGENIC

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Chilomastix mesnili
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Enteromonas hominis
Retortamonas intestinalis

NON-PATHOGENIC

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Also known as:
* Giardia intestinalis
* Giardia duodenalis
* Lamblia duodenalis
* Lamblia intestinalis

Giardia lamblia

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Giardia lamblia:

First discovered by __________

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

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Giardia lamblia:

First described by French scientist __________ and Czechoslovakian scientist __________ :Cercomonas intestinalis

Dr. F. Lambl

Dr. Giard

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__________coined Giardia lamblia

Stiles

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Size range of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
__________ um long
__________ um wide

8-10
5-16

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Shape of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?

Pear-shaped, teardrop

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Motility of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?

Falling-leaf

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Appearance of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?

Bilaterally symmetrical

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Nuclei of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* __________
* each a large karyosome
* No peripheral chromatin

Two ovoid-shaped

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Flagella of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* __________ pairs, origination of each:
* _____ pair, anterior end
* _____ pair, posterior end
* _____ pair, central, extending laterally

Four
one
one
two

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Other structure of Giardia lamblia (Trophozoite)?
* _____ median bodies
* _____ axonemes
* Sucking disk

two
two

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Size range of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
__________ um long
__________ um wide

8-17
6-10

Shape of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?

Ovoid

Nuclei of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
* __________ cyst
* __________ mature cyst
* __________ Central karyosomes
* No peripheral chromatin

Immature
two
four

Cytoplasm of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
__________ from cell wall

Retracted

Other structure of Giardia lamblia (Cyst)?
Median bodies: __________ in
immature cyst or __________ interior flagellar structures

two, four

Diagnosis for Giardia lamblia:

Stool examination:
* flatus smell like rotten eggs: __________
* Formed stool: __________
* Liquid, soft stool: __________

Duodenal aspirate
Biopsy
Enterotest™
Direct Fluorescence
EIA and ELISA
Western Blot
R-T PCR

hydrogen sulfide
cyst
trophozoites

Epidemiology of Giardia lamblia:

Found world-wide in __________, __________, and other water sources.

lakes, streams

Clinical symptoms of Giardia lamblia:

Considered to be a __________.

This organism is now considered to be the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellates:
*__________ Carrier State
*__________ (Traveler’s Diarrhea / Gay bowel syndrome)

villous flattening and crypt hypertrophy
decreased electrolyte, glucose, fluid absorption.
Deficiencies in disaccharidases

non-pathogen
Asymptomatic
Giardiasis

Treatment for Giardia lamblia:
*
*
*

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Nitazoxanide

Prevention and control of Giardia lamblia:

* Proper water treatment and control * Exercising good personal hygiene * Proper cleaning and cooking of food * Avoidance of unprotected anal and oral sex

Size range of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)? __________ um long

5-14

Shape of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?

ovoid, round or pear-shaped

Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?

Rapid, jerky

Nuclei of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)?

One, ovoid, nondescript

Flagella of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)? * all originating __________ * _____ extending anteriorly * _____extending posteriorly

anteriorly 3-5 one

Other structure of Trichomonas vaginalis (Trophozoite)? * undulating membrane extending __________of body length * prominent axostyle that often curves around nucleus * granules maybe seen along axostyle

half

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis: Examination of saline wet prep: *__________ smear *Urinalysis * Culture: InPouch TV (3 days) * Molecular techniques: Affirm VPIII (DNA) * Fluorescent stains * monoclonal antibody assays, enzyme immunoassays,

Papanicolaou

Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis: * Infection with T. vaginalis occur worldwide. * __________ is the primary mode of transmission * Known to be transferred via contaminated __________ or __________.

* Sexual intercourse * toilet articles, underclothing

Specimens for identification of Trichomonas vaginalis: __________ (SOC) * vaginal secretions * scrappings * cervical swabs * prostatic secretions

urine

Clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis: * Asymptomatic Carrier state - most frequently in __________ * Persistent Urethritis * Persistent Vaginitis -__________ cervix * Infant infection: conjunctivitis, respiratory infection

men strawberry

Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis: * __________: DOC * Treatment of __________ is recommended

* Metronidazole * sexual partners

Prevention and Control of Trichomonas vaginalis:

* Practice safe, monogamous sex and good personal hygiene * Prompt treatment of cases and asymptomatic male patients * Public education