Week 5: Cartography II

Question 1

Caricatures are

Answer 1

Cartoon versions of famous people, potentially to portray propaganda

Question 2

Large scale would be ____, and small scale would be ____

Answer 2

Large scale would be Dunedin, small scale would be New Zealand

Question 3

Small scale ratio

Answer 3

1:2,000,000

Question 4

Large scale ratio

Answer 4

1:50,000

Question 5

“Scale influences not only what features are shown, but also how particular features are represented” can be known as

Answer 5

Generalisation

Question 6

How is scale a restraint for generalisation

Answer 6

Restricts amount of space for symbols

Question 7

Generalisation has long been manual, and difficult to

Answer 7

Automate

Question 8

Two types of generalisation

Answer 8

1. Semantic (or conceptual) generalisation
2. Geometric generalisation

Question 9

Characteristics of semantic generalisation

Answer 9

1. Based on an understanding of geographic concepts
2. E.g selection, geology maps (holocene etc)

Question 10

Characteristics of geometric generalisation

Answer 10

1. Spatial dependence gives freedom to generalise
2. Dictated by interplay between
   - Semantic generalisation
   - Symbolization
   - Constraints of scale

Question 11

The eight types of geometric generalization

Answer 11

1. Elimination
2. Reduction
3. Typification
4. Exaggeration
5. Enhancement
6. Collapse
7. Amalgamation/combination
8. Displacement

Question 12

Main tool for visual spatial analysis

Answer 12

Thematic mapping

Question 13

What is the special purpose of a thematic map

Answer 13

Show spatial distribution or pattern of a single variable

Question 14

Examples of thematic maps

Answer 14

1. Common dot
2. Proportional symbol
3. Flow map
4. Choropleth - value by shading
5. Cartogram - value by area mapping
6. Isarithmic map

Question 15

Three characteristics of the common dot map

Answer 15

1. Used to indicate patterns of incidence and density
2. Dots positioned at centroid of the object (if areal) they represent
3. Dots used as shading symbols

Question 16

In the popular thematic proportional symbol map, size of symbol (circle / square / triangle) proportional to

Answer 16

The quantity

Question 17

Flow maps represent

Answer 17

The linear movement between places

Question 18

The qualitative factor of flow maps is

Answer 18

The uniform thickness

Question 19

The quantitative factor of flow maps is

Answer 19

The width proportional to quantity
- traffic flow maps
- Desire line maps (geographical configuration of route is unimportant)

Question 20

Characteristics of the choropleth map

Answer 20

1. Employs distinctive colour or shading for areas
2. Also called area, shaded or enumeration mapping

Question 21

When to use choropleth

Answer 21

1. Discrete (areal), not continous data
2. Data is areally standardized
   - ratios / proportions; total values not suitable
3. Value attributed to an area is uniformly spread throughout that area

Question 22

Cartograms can be described as what type of maps

Answer 22

Value-by-area maps

Question 23

Characteristics of cartograms

Answer 23

1. Areas are conventionally represented proportional to their geographic size
2. Cartograms represent areal unit size proportional to some other attribute
   - e.g population, aggregate income

Question 24

Two types of cartograms

Answer 24

1. Contiguous (compact with boundary relations)
2. Noncontiguous (units separated with approximate geographical location maintained)

Question 25

Requirements for a cartogram

Answer 25

1. Must start with easily recognisable geographic areas to be useful - May not work with unfamiliar countries or even at too local a scale 2. Geographic qualities to preserve as much as possible - Contiguity - Shape - Orientation 3. Size must be transformed

Question 26

Isarithmic map characteristics

Answer 26

1. Graphic representation of a 3D volume - wireframe - shaded relief - Contours 2. Normally depicted with quantitive line symbols (2D, 2.5D or 3D)