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Parasitology > Week 5: Cestodes > Flashcards

Week 5: Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Which tapeworm life cycle stage is infective for the intermediate host?

A

Eggs

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2
Q

What are the parts of an adult tapeworm?

A

:)

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3
Q

What are the parts of a tapeworm egg?

A

:P

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4
Q

What kind of tapeworm stages can you use for stool samples?

A
  • Proglottids
  • Whole tapeworms
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5
Q

Which tapeworm stage can you use for concentration in the lab?

A

Eggs

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6
Q

What are the two Taenia species and what are their primary non-human hosts?

A
  • Taenia saginata: beef
  • Taenia solium: pork
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7
Q

Describe the lifecycle of Taenia species. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A

Infective stage: Embryonated eggs ingested by human host

Diagnostic stage: Adults in small intestine

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8
Q

Describe Taenia species’ eggs

A
  • Round
  • 30-43 microns
  • thick cell wall with radial striations
  • inside of embryonated egg 6-hooked oncosphere (refer to image)
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9
Q

Which Taenia parts are found in the feces?

A
  • eggs
  • scolex
  • proglottids (segmented part)
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10
Q

What is the scolex?

A

It’s the head of the tapeworm

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11
Q

Since can’t look at eggs to differentiate between Taenia species, what do you look at instead?

A

Uterine branches of gravid proglottids. Solium has fewer branches while saginata has more branches

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12
Q

Identify the genital pores of the proglottid and the Taenia species

A
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13
Q

How do you distinguish between the scolex of Taenia solium and saginata?

A

T. solium has rostellum with a double row of hooklets. But both have 4 suckers

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14
Q

Which human disease is Taenia solium associated with? Signs/symptoms caused by what?

A

Cystercosis

Cysticerous stage disseminated throughout body causes muscle, brain, eye, and CNS symptoms

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15
Q

What are the 2 Hymenolepsis spp?

A
  • nana dwarf tapeworm
  • diminuta rat tapeworm
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16
Q

Describe the Hymenolepsis nana life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective: embryonated egg ingested by humans in contaminated food, water, or hands. Also embryonated egg in feces is infectious
  • Diagnostic: Embryonated egg in feces
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17
Q

Describe Hymenolepsis nana eggs

A
  • Oval shaped
  • 30-50 microns
  • Inner membrane with polar filaments
  • Oncosphere has 6 hooks
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18
Q

Describe the Hymenolepsis diminuta life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Cysticerci in body cavity of insect ingested by rodent or human
  • Diagnostic stage: Eggs passed in feces
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19
Q

Describe Hymenolepsis diminuta eggs

A
  • Size = 70-85 microns
    -Round or slightly oval
  • Striated outer membrane
  • Thin inner membrane
  • Zero polar filaments
  • Oncosphere has 6 hooks
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20
Q

Describe the fish tapeworm aka Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle. Include infective and diagnostic stages

A
  • Infective stage: Human ingests raw or undercooked, infected fish
  • Diagnostic stage: Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
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21
Q

Where is Diphyllobothrium latum found?

A

Found worldwide where pickled or raw freshwater fish is eaten

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22
Q

Describe the Diphyllobothrium latum egg

A
  • Unembryonated
  • Operculated (refers to the end of the egg having a lid- or cap-like cover)
  • Bile stained
  • Size= 58-76 by 40-50 microns
  • Knoblike structure on the end opposite the operculum
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23
Q

Which stages of Diphyllobothrium latum are ID’d for lab diagnosis?

A
  • scolex
  • proglottid
  • egg
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24
Q

Does pickling readily kill Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

No. Does not readily destroy eggs. Cooking does kill the eggs

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25
What is the animal host of *Echinococcus granulosis*?
Dogs ## Footnote Sorry, Scooby Doo
26
Describe the life cycle of *Echinococcus granulosis*? **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** Embryonated egg in feces - **Diagnostic stage:** Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, brain, bone, heart
27
Which disease is *Echinococcus granulosis*? associated with?
Hydatid cyst disease
28
What does the *Echinococcus granulosis* larval stage produce? Describe
**Hydatid cysts** Contain fluid, brood capsules, and daughter cysts in which the scolices (plural of scolex) of potential tapeworms are formed. Material inside called **hydatid sand**
29
What determines hydatid cyst size
The organ it grows in. It'll just keep growing until it can't anymore
30
What are two types of flukes/trematodes (in reference to their reproductive aspect). Where do they live?
1. **Hermaphroditic adults:** live in intestine, lungs, and liver 2. **Unisexual adults:** live within blood vessels (aka blood flukes)
31
What is the genus of the blood flukes?
*Schistosoma*
32
Describe the general trematode life cycle
Ain't no way I'm typing all this :)
33
Describe the *Paragonimus westermani* life cycle. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** humans ingest inadequately cooked or pickled crustaceans containing metacercariae (cysts) - **Diagnostic stage:** unembryonated eggs in stool or sputum (cuz they're lung flukes). Harder to find in stool though. Better chance finding them in the lungs
34
Describe the *Paragonimus westermani* egg
- Size: 80-118 microns by 48-60 microns - oval, flattend operculum - slight shoulders - unembryonated - Thickened area opposite the operculum
35
Describe the **Fasciolopsis buski** life cycle. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** Metacercariae on water plant ingested by humans or pigs, causing infection - **Diagnostic stage:** Unembryonated eggs passed in feces.
36
What is the size of **Fasciolopsis buski** adults?
3-7 microns
37
Describe **Fasciolopsis buski** eggs
- Size = 130-140 by 80-85 microns - Bile stained - Inconspicuous operculum - Unembryonated - **Identical to *Fasciola hepatica* so report as *Fasciola/Fasciolopsis* **
38
Describe the *Fasciola hepatica* life cycle. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle - **Diagnostic stage:** Unembryonated egg passed in feces
39
Describe *Fasciola hepatica* eggs
- Size= 130-150 microns by 60-90 microns - Unembryonated - Inconspicuous operculum - Identical to *Fasciolopsis buski*
40
Describe the *Clonorchis sinensis* life cycle. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** Metacercariae in flesh or skin of fresh water fish are ingested by human host - **Diagnostic stage:** Embryonated eggs passed in feces
41
Size of *Clonorchis sinensis* adults?
6-17 mm
42
Describe the *Clonorchis sinensis* egg
- Size - 29-35 microns - Embryonated - Flask shaped - Operculated with *prominent shoulders* (Darrell underlined this part in the slides( - Knob at the end opposite the operculum
43
Describe the *Metagonimus yokogawai* and *Heterophyes heterophyes* life cycles. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae - **Diagnostic stage:** Embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed miracidium are passed in the feces
44
Describe the *Metagonimus yokogawai* and *Heterophyes heterophyes* eggs (same features)
- Size - 28-39 microns - Embryonated - Operculated with *inconspicuous shoulders* (Darrell underlined in slides) - Vase or flask shaped - Resemble *Clonorchis sinensis* and *Opisthorchis* species
45
True or false: *Schistosoma* eggs are operculated
False
46
What is the ONE intermediate blood fluke host?
The snail
47
How do blood flukes infect humans?
Cercarial penetration of skin
48
Describe the *Schistosoma* life cycle. **Include infective and diagnostic stages**
- **Infective stage:** cCercariae released by snail into water and free-swimming penetrate human skin - **Diagnostic stage:** Passed in feces (*mansoni, japonicum, and haematobium*) or urine (*japonicum or haematobium*)
49
Where do *S. mansoni, japonicum*, and *haematobium* mainly live in the human host?
- *mansoni*: veins of the **large** intestine - *japonicum*: veins of the **small** intestine - *haematobium*: veins of the **bladder**
50
Describe *Schistosoma mansoni* eggs
- Size = 115-175 by 45-75 microns - Prominent lateral spine
51
How do you diagnose *S. mansoni* in the lab?
Fin embryonated eggs in the feces
52
Describe *Schistosoma japonicum* egg
- Size = 60-95 by 40-60 microns - Small, curved spine that can be difficult to see
53
Describe *Schistosoma haematobium* eggs
- Size: 110-170 microns by 40-70 microns - Terminal spine
54
Practice. Identify the parasite
*Taenia* spp. egg
55
ID the parasite
*Taenia solium* proglottid
56
ID the parasite
*Taenia saginata* proglottid
57
ID the parasite
*Hymenolepsis nana* egg
58
ID the parasite
*Hymenolepsis diminuta* egg
59
ID the parasite
*Diphyllobothrium latum* egg
60
ID the parasite
*Echinococcus granulosus* hydatid cyst
61
ID the parasite
*Paragonimus westermani* egg
62
ID the parasite
*Fasciolopsis buski* egg
63
ID the parasite
*Fasciola hepatica* egg
64
ID the parasite
*Clonorchis sinensis* egg
65
ID the parasite
*Clonorchis sinensis* adult
66
ID the parasite
*Metagonimus yokogawai* adult fluke
67
ID the parasite
*Metagonimus yokogawai* egg
68
ID the parasite
*Heterophyes heterophyes*
69
ID the parasite
*Schistosoma mansoni* egg
70
ID the parasite
*Schistosoma japonicum* egg
71
ID the parasite
*Schistosoma haematobium* egg

Parasitology (5 decks)

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