Week 5 - Energy Systems in Exercise

Question 1

how much energy do humans produce at rest?

Answer 1

enough to power 100 watt lightbulb

Question 2

how much O2 is burned a day?

Answer 2

380L

Question 3

how many times can a muscle fibre contract in a second?

Answer 3

25 times

Question 3

how many times can a muscle fibre contract in a second?

Answer 3

25 times

Question 4

what happens our usual energy production (burning of 2,000kcal a day) when we work and exercise hard?

Answer 4

it increases, we produce even more energy simultaneously example Chris Hoy can generate over 2500W

Question 5

what are macronutrients?

Answer 5

substances consumed in large quantities

Question 6

what are the 3 macronutrients?

Answer 6

fat, carbohydrates, protein

Question 7

which macronutrients contributes least to energy production?

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

which macronutrient contributes most to energy production?

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

can glucose be converted into fat?

Answer 9

yes by lipogenesis

Question 10

can amino acids form glucose?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what are the 3 energy systems?

Answer 11

phosphogen, glycolytic and oxidative

Question 12

what energy system is aneraboic ?

Answer 12

phosphogen and glycolytic (occurs in cytosol)

Question 13

what energy system is aerobic?

Answer 13

oxidative (occurs in mitochondria)

Question 14

what occurs in the phosphogen system?

Answer 14

ATP Phosphorylation

Question 15

what is the equation that represents the phosphogen system?

Answer 15

PCR + ADP +H+ <-> ATP + Creatine

Question 16

what does high PCR concentration and enzymatic rate do to the system?

Answer 16

a decrease in ATP during high intensity exercise

Question 17

what happens when PCR is producing ATP in the phosphogen system?

Answer 17

it can only support high ATP demands for short periods of time

Question 18

what sport relies on phosphogen system?

Answer 18

sports with explosive movements - weightlifting and sprints and american football

Question 19

what does the glycolytic system do?

Answer 19

converts glycogen or glucose into pyruvate and ATP

Question 20

what is the rate determining enzyme in glycolytic system?

Answer 20

phosphofructokinase

Question 21

what sport relies on glycolysis?

Answer 21

bursts that last 30-180 seconds like basketball

Question 22

what is problematic about glycolysis?

Answer 22

negative feedback loop- pyruvate inhibits phosphofructokinase

Question 23

what allows glyolysis to continue and much more ATP?

Answer 23

Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA via Krebs
conversion to lactic acid

Question 24

how much ATP/lactic acid do we get from 1 molecule of glucose?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

what increases yield of ATP in glycolysis?

Answer 25

aerobic glycolysis in mitochondria

Question 26

which is more sustainable, aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 26

aerobic

Question 27

where does oxidative system take place?

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

desrcibe oxidative process

Answer 28

pyruvate fat and protein is converted into ATP

Question 29

What processes are involved in oxidative process?

Answer 29

1)substrates are converted into Acetyl CoA
decarboxylation - pyruvate
beta-oxidation - fat
deamination - amino acids
2) Krebs Cycle - 2 ATP
3) oxidative phosphorylation

Question 30

what system has highest rate of ATP?

Answer 30

Phosphogen

Question 31

what system has highest yield of ATP?

Answer 31

Oxidative

Question 32

what is the anaerobic/ lactate threshold?

Answer 32

maximal exercise intensity sustained by aerobic metabolism

Question 33

how is anaerobic/lactate threshold measured?

Answer 33

maximal graded incremental test

Question 34

how is anaerobic/lactate threshold measured?

Answer 34

maximal graded incremental test

Question 35

what do we burn during exercise?

Answer 35

fat and carbohydrate