Week 5 Health promotion & disease Prevention, Self Concept & Sexuality, Cultural & Spiritual nursing care Flashcards
What are Risk factors for disease?
Genetics:
Sex:
Physiologic factors:
Environmental factors:
Lifestyle‑risk behaviors:
Age:
How can sex impact disease
women at greater risk for autoimmune
males at greater risk of suicide
what are physiologic factors
states place clients at an increased risk for health problems (body mass index [BMI] above 25, pregnancy
how do environmental factors impact health
Toxic substances and chemicals can affect health where clients live and work (water quality, pesticide exposure, air pollution
examples of life-style risk
. Risk behaviors to screen for include stress, substance use disorders, tobacco use, diet deficiencies, lack of exercise, and sun exposure.
age risk considerations
Ages vary with individual practices (for example, a woman who is sexually active before the age of 20 should start screenings when sexual activity begins).
Routine physical examination screening
1 to 3 years for females
every 5 years for males from age 20 to 40,
more often after age 40.
Dental assessment every
Every 6 months.
Tuberculosis screen every
Tuberculosis (TB) skin test every 2 years
health care workers are tested annually
Blood pressure every
if previously elevated?
At least every 2 years;
annually if previously elevated.
Body mass index:
At each routine health care visit.
Blood cholesterol screening start at? every?
Starting at age 20, a minimum of every 5 years.
Visual acuity screenings for different age groups?
Age 40 and under: every 3 to 5 years.
Every 2 years ages 40 to 64.
Every year 65 and older.
Visual acuity:
Age 40 and under: every 3 to 5 years.
Every 2 years ages 40 to 64. Every year 65 and older.
Hearing acuity:
Periodic hearing checks as needed; more frequently if hearing loss is noted.
Skin assessment:
Every 3 years by a skin specialist for age 20 to 40; annually over age 40 years and abnorrmaliites
Digital rectal exam:
During routine physical examination
Annually if have at least a 10‑year life expectancy.
Consult with the provider if screen should continue after age 76.
-prostate check
Colorectal screening:
Every year between the age of 50 and 75 for high‑sensitivity fecal occult blood testing,
or flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years,
or colonoscopy every 10 years.
Consult with the provider if screen should continue after age 76.
Cervical cancer screening:
Ages 21 to 65
Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) every 3 years;
at age 30, can decrease Pap screening to every 5 years if HPV screening performed as well.
65, no testing is needed if previous testing was normal
Breast cancer screening:
Ages 20 to 39: clinical breast examination every 3 years,
40 and up is annually.
mammogram screening
ages 40 to 54: annual mammogram;
ages 55 and older should have the choice to have a mammogram every 1 to 2 years
Clinical testicular examination:
At each routine health care visit starting at puberty
Prostate‑specific antigen test, digital rectal examination:
with provider discussion starting at age 50 years,
and again whether to continue after age 76.
Primary-health promotion
Immunization programs
Child car seat education
Nutrition, fitness activities
Health education in schools
Secondary-screenings
Communicable disease screening, case finding
Early detection, treatment of diabetes mellitus
Tertiary-treatment/diagnoses
Begins after an injury or illness
Prevention of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury
Promoting independence after traumatic brain injury
Referrals to support groups
Rehabilitation center
Healthy People 2030
Updated every 10 years
Improve health priorities/prevent disease
at the local, state, and national level
for research, evaluation, and data collection of health disparities
Improve awareness and understanding
Nursing Interventions for prevention
- Examine risk factors to identify modifications, adopt mutually agreeable goals, and identify support systems.
- Use behavior‑change strategies
*Promote health lifestyle behaviors
Self-Concept is
what people think of themselves
-is subjective and includes self‑identity, body image, attitudes, role performance, and self‑esteem.
how can self esteem impact stress
Individuals who have high self‑esteem are better equipped to cope successfully with life’s stressors.
Stressors that affect self‑concept include unrealistic expectations, surgery, chronic illness, and changes in role performance
