Week 5 - Unit 4: Cardiovascular System Part 2 Flashcards
What is the alternative name for the blood system?
the circulatory system
Which of the following organs are found in the blood system?
A heart, lungs, brain and bladder
B arteries, heart and stomach
C arteries, veins and heart
D heart, veins and pancreas
C arteries, veins and heart
The function of the circulatory system is to…
transport substances, such as oxygen and dissolved nutrients, around the body.
What is the wall of the heart mainly made from?
muscle tissue
The blood system is often known as the “double circulation” system. Why is this?
The system is divided into two separate circuits.
How many chambers are there in the human heart?
two
If blood entered the right atrium, where would it then go?
the right ventricle
Which side of the heart has the thickest wall?
the left
Into which chambers does blood enter the heart?
the right and left atrium
Through which two chambers does blood leave the heart?
the right and left ventricle
List some cardiovascular diseases.
Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis
Angina and Heart attack (coronary / ischemic heart disease / myocardial infarction).
Stroke (cerebral / neural ischemic injury)
Thrombosis, Embolisms and Aneurisms (Pulmonary or Systemic)
Veracious veins
The Pathology of the Cardiovascular System Epidemiology:
Age
Cardiovascular disease typically affects middle-aged to elderly people.
Life long disease (chronic).
Multiple risk factors in Aetiology – Holistic Disease Model!
Takes a long time for the pathology of the disease to manifest.
Worsens with age as the body’s functional reserve diminishes.
Gender
Males tend to be affected more than females.
Perhaps due to stereotypical lifestyle choices in men.
Drink more alcohol
Eat more fatty foods
Smoke more heavily
Social-economic status
Stereotypically, people who are of poor economic / low social status who are affected by cardiovascular disease.
Lifestyle constraints
Having to buy cheap high fat foods
Have higher tendencies to gamble, drink, drug abuse and smoke
what are some risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Obesity Smoking high cholesterol high blood pressure diabetes physical inactivity
Fill in the blank. A ____ factor increases chance of getting a disease
risk
Fill in the blank. Correlation does not prove ______.
Correlation may be due to another factor
causation
Fill in the blank. A _____ group is treated like the trial group, except control group is given a ____
control
Fill in the blank. Volunteers randomly assigned to groups to avoid bias. Volunteers & scientists are double blind
placebo
Fill in the blank. Large sample are more ________. Percentages & ratios make data more _______.
representative
comparable
Fill in the blank. Repeat experiments to calculate a ____mean. And to identify _____ results
reliable
anomalous
Fill in the blank. Standard deviation shows _____ of data about a mean. Overlapping SDs = data sets not significantly _____. Differences could be down to chance.
variation
different
A newspaper headline used the information in a graph to claim ‘Omega-3 fatty acids are good for you.’ Evaluate this claim.
Correlation does not mean causation / shows lower risk not prevention;
May be due to another factor/example given;
Heart disease is not usually caused by microorganisms - it is usually caused by:
Genetic factors, which show as a family history of heart disease and Lifestyle factors. List six lifestyle factors.
Smoking Lack of regular exercise Stress leading to a fast heart rate Drinking a lot of alcohol Poor diet Misuse of drugs.
How does Vessel lumen occultation / obstruction ?
Fatty, high cholesterol diet Atherosclerosis Thrombosis Embolism Tachycardia Heart attack / stroke
what leads to LDL cholesterol accumulation? Outline the sequence of events.
A high lipid based diet and a sedentary lifestyle leads to an accumulation of LDL-Cholesterol.
LDL-C accumulates in the blood stream and is the first stage in the development of an atheroma plaque