Week 5 + Week 6 Flashcards
Egalitarian theory
Everyone is equal and deserves equal rights
Utilitarian theory
The right thing benefits the greater good.
- looks at outcomes
Libertarian theory
A political theory that focuses on liberty
- will say that masking takes away people’s liberty, thus is wrong.
Communitarian theory
Communitarian = Philosophy that says deep connection b/w person & community.
- Eastern cultures focus on community & not on promoting individualism
What are the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act?
1) Universality - everyone deserves healthcare
2) Comprehensiveness - covers necessary medical procedures/tests
3) Accessibility - free of barriers (cost)
4) Portability - Nationwide access to healthcare
5) public administration - public oversight
Who is uninsured for healthcare in Ontario?
- New immigrants (less than 3 months residency)
- violations of work visa
- overstaying work visa
- homeless —> no health card
- temporary migrant workers that move residences or change employers;
What is the Beveridge model on healthcare
Health care is provided & financed by the government through tax payments rather than insurance based.
- Most hospitals & clinics are owned by the government (‘single player model’)
- Lower costs per capita because the Government controls what doctors can charge (single payer)
- Physician is the gate keeper to health care
- Focus on Primary Care
- Great Britain, Spain, Scandinavia, New Zealand
What is the Bismarck Model on healthcare?
- Uses an insurance system – “sickness funds”
- Financed jointly by employee/employer through payroll deductions
- Insurance plans cover everyone
- Multi-payer model / non-profit (unlike US)
- Doctors & hospitals private
- Tight regulation gives the government much of the cost-control power (Single payer like Beveridge)
- Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland, Latin America
What is The National Health Insurance Model?
- Single-payer systems
- Elements of both Beveridge & Bismarck
- The single-payer systems have more market power to negotiate for lower prices
- Simple administration
- Uses private-sector providers, but payment comes from a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into (non-profit)
- Control costs by limiting medical services they will pay for, or by making patients wait to be treated
- Canada, Taiwan & South Korea
What is The Out-of-Pocket Model?
- “Plan” used by most nations which are too poor/disorganized to provide any mass medical care
In these poor countries, only the rich can afford medical care
In rural regions of Africa, India, China & South America, hundreds of millions of people go their whole lives without ever seeing a doctor
Rely on ‘village healers’ & home remedies
May pay a doctor’s bill with potatoes or other produce
What is the healthcare model of the U.S.?
- Elements of all models – “fragmented”
Working Americans who get insurance on the job: Bismarck System
Veterans: similar to the Beveridge system
Americans over age of 65 who have been legal residents of the US for at least 5 years: National Health Insurance
15 % of the population have no health insurance:
Out-of-pocket
Where does Canada’s funding for healthcare come from?
The federal government uses the revenue to provide a block grant to the provinces (finances 16% of healthcare)
The remainder is funded by provincial taxes (personal & corporate income taxes)
What are the responsibilities of the Ontario Health Agency?
System management & performance
- planning & delivering health care, improving the quality of care
measuring & managing how the system performs
enabling innovation, ensuring financial accountability, providing clinical leadership
Population-based programs & clinical & quality standards
- overseeing highly specialized care (for example, cancer, organ donation)
- managing provincial population health programs (for example, cancer screening)
- overseeing critical care
- investigating & supporting new & emerging health services
- developing evidence-based advice for delivering health services & clinical care
Back-office support
- managing supply-chains
System oversight
- assessing & planning for local needs; holding accountability for Ontario Health Teams
What are the 3 attributes of collaboration?
1) sharing
2) teamwork
3) respect
What is the criteria for interprofessional collaboration?
- understand each others’ roles
- trusting each other
- valuing each role
- losing the hierarchies
- seeking a common goal
- sharing skills and knowledge
- working together to address problems
- supporting each other when mistakes are made
- ## celebrate achievements made
