Week 6

Question 1

what kind of vision loss does macular degeneration present with?

Answer 1

central vision loss, can see drusen. bilateral

Question 2

anterior spinal cord syndrome signs

Answer 2

loss pain and temperature, motor weakness, but preserved propioception

Question 3

if a patient has two different types of headaches what should you do

Answer 3

get an MRI

Question 4

what is a big cause of hypercalcemia

Answer 4

sarcoid!!

Question 5

what do patients typically have with lupus!

Answer 5

antiphospholipid syndrome and causes strokes!

Question 6

what is the genetic mutation in Rett syndrome

Answer 6

MECP2

Question 7

what is a real-time quaking induced conversion test for

Answer 7

CJD

Question 8

describe what a cerebral venous sinus occlusion looks lie

Answer 8

this is similar to IIH but with focal neurological findings too

Question 9

if the pupillary response is NOT preserved in a cranial nerve III palsy, what is going on

Answer 9

likely an aneurysm so patients need a CT angio

Question 10

what is autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 10

this is when a patient has a complete spinal cord injury and they have overdrive of sympathetic activity below the lesion. a noxious response (like overdistended bladder) can cause overdrive of sympathetic activity which causes them to have super high blood pressure

Question 11

describe multiple system atrophy

Answer 11

this is when the patient exhibits parkinsons like symptoms but also has early autonomic failure, early postural instability, and cerebellar findings

Question 12

which way does the arm go in pronator drift for cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 12

it goes up!

Question 13

which way does the arm go in lower motor neuron dysfunction

Answer 13

it goes down

Question 14

what can topical glucocorticoids cause (eye)

Answer 14

they can cause both cataracts and glaucoma

Question 15

what exam looks at intraocular pressure

Answer 15

tonometry

Question 16

how do you diagnose open angle glaucoma

Answer 16

tonometry

Question 17

what are signs of glaucoma

Answer 17

peripheral vision loss, headaches, impaired adaption to darkness

Question 18

what does retinal vein occlusion look like on fundoscopy

Answer 18

cotton wool spots, papilledema, venous dilation and torsions

Question 19

how do you diagnose a retinal vein occlusion

Answer 19

you do retinal vein angiography

Question 20

how do you diagnose retinal artery occlusion

Answer 20

mostly a clinical diagnosis but you can check carotid doppler and do cerebral angio

Question 21

what is mononeuritis multiplex

Answer 21

this is when you have multiple noncontiguous neuropathies that are not connected to one nerve

Question 22

what is usually the cause of mononeuritis multiplex

Answer 22

a vasculitis is the normal cause

Question 23

time course of stroke depending on etiology

Answer 23

thrombotic: fluctuating
embolic: immediate decline and then levels off
hemorrhagic: progressive decline

Question 24

how does meningovascular syphilis present

Answer 24

typically subacute meningeal symptoms for like 2 weeks and then stroke signs follow (typically in the middle cerebral artery)

Question 25

what does subacute combined combined degeneration do for spasticity

Answer 25

you are typically spastic due to demyelination of the lcst and hyperreflexic

Question 26

can CIDP have sensory neuropathy too

Answer 26

yes! rare, and more distal like the toes or fingers

Question 27

if you have a lesion to the cerebellum where does the ataxia occur

Answer 27

ipsilateral to the lesion