week 6

Question 1

carboxylate anion

Answer 1

is resonance stablished

Question 2

Carboxylic acid properties

Answer 2

• More COOH group, more hydrogen bonds, hence higher boiling point
  Longer the hydrocarbon chain the less effect the functional group can have on solubility though the hydrogen bond

Question 3

Esters naming and smells soublity

Answer 3

Properties of esters
- Smell of fruits (sometimes)
- Solubility -esters can have h bonds with water, longer the chain less soluble

Polyesters - common polymers
- Polymers liked by ester groups
- Do not decompose in water for 400 years

Question 4

How to make esters

Answer 4

Carboxylic acids and alcohols with acid catalyst
But often activated acids are used

Question 5

Amides- bonds types

Answer 5

hydrogen bonding

Types of amides
Esters lack H-bonds donors
Primary and secondary amides have h bond donors

Question 6

How are amides made?

Answer 6

made using activated acids such as acid chlorides (like carboicic acid but oh is cl)
+ ammonia or amine

The mechanism is very similar to that for esterification. end with water or c

Question 7

can amides have types

Answer 7

yes, primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 8

leaving group

Answer 8

any atom which can stabilize a negative charge is called a leaving group

eg cl in carboyl substitution

rate will be different

Question 9

nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl rate

Answer 9

more reactive the r group the greater the acid strgeth as the grater the conjugate base is to remain that way