Week 6

Question 1

What are the roles of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

Question 3

How is the heart divided? How much does it pump at rest?

Answer 3

Question 4

Define myocardium

Answer 4

Question 5

What dictates blood flow from one tissue to another?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the differences between pulmonary and systemic circulations?

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain coronary circulation

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain cardiac electrical conduction

Answer 8

Question 9

What happens during myocardial contraction?

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain venous return

Answer 10

Question 11

Explain afterload

Answer 11

Question 12

What are these terms: CO, SBP, DBP, MAP, RPP, EF

Answer 12

Question 13

Define cardiac output

Answer 13

Question 14

What is cardiac output at rest?

Answer 14

Question 15

How does cardiac output differ from trained and untrained individuals?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the relationship between pressure, CO, and vascular resistance?

Answer 16

Question 17

What constitutes blood pressure?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the blood pressure categories?

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the difference in total vascular ares, blood flow velocity, and blood pressure in the aorta vs capillaries vs venules?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the cardiovascular control center?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers within the myocardium?

Answer 21

Question 22

How does the ANS affect the heart?

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the sympathetic influence

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe parasympathetic influence

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the central command (input from higher centers)

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the influence of central command on HR?

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe peripheral influence

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the relationship between SV and CO?

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the factors that increase SV?

Answer 29

Question 30

How does SV respond to exercise?

Answer 30

Question 31

During prolonged steady state exercise, what happens to SV, HR, and CO?

Answer 31

Question 32

How does CO respond to increased HR, and SV?

Answer 32

Question 33

What does a training-induced reduction in submaximal CO reflect?

Answer 33

Question 34

What is the association between maximal CO and VO2 max?

Answer 34

Question 35

Who is the most fit?

Answer 35

red

Question 36

Explain

Answer 36

Improvement in Exercise Heart Rate Response with Aerobic Training Related to VO2

Question 37

Who is running faster?

Answer 37

purple

Question 38

How does aerobic exercise affect HR, SV, and CO?

Answer 38

Question 39

Explain “athlete’s heart”

Answer 39

Question 40

What happens to myocardium as a result of aerobic vs anaerobic training?

Answer 40

Question 41

Is the LV mass bigger in athletes?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

How does blood flow deliver O2 to skeletal muscle?

Answer 42

Question 43

How much of CO is delivered to skeletal muscle during maximal exercise?

Answer 43

Question 44

Explain blood flow in the capillaries

Answer 44

Question 45

What is the role of nitric oxide in tissue?

Answer 45

Question 46

Give an example of an organ that gets constant rate of blood flow during rest and exercise?

Answer 46

brain

Question 47

How does the a-v O2 difference change with exercise?

Answer 47

Question 48

What are the changes in a-v O2 from rest to maximal effort?

Answer 48

Question 49

What is the a-v O2 response during exercise?

Answer 49

Question 50

How much O2 does the myocardium extract?

Answer 50

Question 51

Explain rate pressure product

Answer 51

Question 52

Explain myocardial metabolism

Answer 52

Question 53

What is the generalized pattern of myocardial substrate use?

Answer 53

Question 54

What happens to BP and TPR in aerobic exercise?

Answer 54

Question 55

What is the BP response to resistance training?

Answer 55

Question 56

How is BP affected during resistance training?

Answer 56

Question 57

How are SBP and DBP affected during graded exercise?

Answer 57

Question 58

What are the effects of upper body physical activity on BP?

Answer 58

Question 59

Which is systolic or diastolic?

Answer 59

A) systolic B) diastolic

Question 60

What is the BP response to training?

Answer 60

Question 61

Explain

Answer 61

Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive persons. An increase in aerobic physical activity should be considered an important component of lifestyle modification for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.

Question 62

Summary 1

Answer 62

Question 63

What are the muscles of inspiration?

Answer 63

Question 64

What are accessory muscles of inspiration?

Answer 64

Question 65

What are the muscles of forced expiration?

Answer 65

Question 66

Describe the gross anatomy of the lung

Answer 66

Question 67

What is the conducting zone of the lung?

Answer 67

Question 68

What is the respiratory zone of the lung?

Answer 68

Question 69

What are alveoli?

Answer 69

Question 70

Define the symbols: PAO2, PaO2, SaO2%, PvO2, PACO2, PaCO2, PvCO2, SvO2%, a-vO2 diff, and v

Answer 70

Question 71

What is the ambient air concentration?

Answer 71

Question 72

What mechanic constitutes ventilation?

Answer 72

Question 73

Explain inhalation and exhalation

Answer 73

Question 74

Explain

Answer 74

Question 75

How are pulmonary volumes and capacities affected in rest vs exercise

Answer 75

Question 76

Explain the FEV to FVC ratio

Answer 76

Question 77

How are these components affected with changes in body size?

Answer 77

they remain the same regardless of body size

Question 78

Explain

Answer 78

Question 79

How does the ventilation perfusion (V-Q) ratio change during rest and exercise?

Answer 79

Question 80

What helps gas exchange in lungs and tissue?

Answer 80

pressure gradient

Question 81

Explain

Answer 81

Question 82

How is O2 transported in blood?

Answer 82

Question 83

What is the O2 dissociation curve?

Answer 83

Question 84

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 84

Question 85

How is CO2 transported in blood?

Answer 85

Question 86

What is the role of central command as it relates to pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 86

Question 87

Explain peripheral influence

Answer 87

Question 88

Explain respiration in acid-base metabolism

Answer 88

Question 89

Explain

Answer 89

Alveolar Po2 and Pco2 remain near resting levels throughout a range of exercise intensities, despite large increases in mixed-venous Pco2

Question 90

How is lung function affected as a response to aerobic fitness and physical performance

Answer 90

Question 91

Do we see changes in pulmonary function test in people with diseases?

Answer 91

generally no

Question 92

Does max heart rate change with consistent exercise?

Answer 92

No, only resting heart rate