Week 6 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the purpose of a traverse in surveying?
To determine positions and areas.
What are the four types of traverses?
Open loop traverse and closed loop traverse. open line traverse and closed line traverse
What distinguishes a closed loop traverse from an open loop traverse?
A closed loop traverse has enough measurements to calculate positions and errors, while an open loop traverse has just enough measurements to calculate positions only.
What is a loop traverse?
A loop traverse starts and returns to the same location.
What is a line traverse?
A line traverse has different starting and ending points.
What are traverse lines?
The lines joining the survey stations.
What is required for surveying a large area?
A network of survey stations.
What is the method for calculating angles in traverse surveying?
Average angles from field measurements (FL and FR) in different rounds.
What is the basic geodetic problem in traverse surveying?
Calculation of coordinates.
What types of errors are considered in traverse measurements?
Spatial error from traverse line measurements and angular error/misclosure from internal angles.
What is the first step in determining the coordinates of each station in a traverse?
Knowing the coordinates of one station.
What is the role of traverse line measurements in error determination?
They help assess spatial errors in the survey.
What is the outcome of having enough measurements in a closed traverse?
It allows for the calculation of positions and errors.
What is the general approach to measuring angles in the field for a traverse?
Using precise instruments to measure the internal angles and lengths of traverse lines.
What information is needed to determine the azimuth of a traverse line?
The coordinates of a station associated with the traverse and the azimuth of a line to one of the traverse stations.
How do you calculate the azimuth of a traverse line starting at a station?
Add the internal clockwise angle at that station to the azimuth of the previous line.
What is the formula for calculating closing error in spatial coordinates?
Error(x) = Calculated x (Easting) coordinate of the last station - known x (Easting) coordinate of the last station.
How is the total traverse error calculated?
Total traverse error = √(∆x² + ∆y²).
What is the formula for precision of the traverse?
Precision of the traverse = Total error / total traverse length.
What is the purpose of adjusting spatial errors in a traverse?
To ensure the calculated coordinates match known coordinates, improving accuracy.
What is the difference between angular error adjustment and spatial error adjustment?
Angular error adjustment distributes error evenly across angles, while spatial error adjustment accounts for line lengths.
What is the role of the azimuth in traverse calculations?
The azimuth indicates the direction of a traverse line relative to a reference direction.
What is the importance of knowing the azimuth of a traverse line?
It is essential for accurately determining the direction and position of traverse lines.
What are the two types of angles that can be checked in a closed loop traverse?
Internal angles and external angles.
