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FoMM > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrate AMDR

A

45-65%

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2
Q

Protein AMDR

A

10-35%

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3
Q

Fat AMDR

A

20-35%

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4
Q

Fruit nutrients

A

Folate, Vit A, Vit C, Fiber, Potassium

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5
Q

Vegetable nutrients

A

Folate, Vit A, Vit C, Vit E, Vit K, Mg, Potassium, Fiber

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6
Q

Grain nutrients

A

Folate, Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Iron, Mg, Selenium, Fiber

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7
Q

Protein nutrients

A

Protein, Essential FA, Niacin, Thiamin, Vit B6, B12, Iron, Mg, Potassium, Zinc

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8
Q

Milk/Milk products

A

Protein, Riboflavin, Vit B12, Calcium, Potassium

Vit A&D if fortified

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9
Q

Oils

A

Vit E, Essential FA

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10
Q

Physical activity guidelines

A

150min/week moderate-intensity

75min/week vigorous intensity

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11
Q

Phytochemicals

A

Natural compounds in plants that have biological activity

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12
Q

p53

A

Cell repair, division

Li Fraumeni syndrome

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13
Q

RB-1 mutation

A

Retinoblastoma

E2F etc etc

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14
Q

APC

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

APC targets B-cetenin for degradation

B-catenin = cell proliferation

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15
Q

BRCA1/2

A

Breast cancer

Repairs double stranded breaks, cell division, cell death

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16
Q

WT1/2

A

Cell division, transcriptional regulation

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17
Q

NF1 mutation

A

Neurofibromatosis

GAP that slows RAS pathway

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18
Q

PTCH mutation

A

PTCH inhibits SMO (pro proliferation genes)

No PTCH function = SMO function = constitutive cell proliferation

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19
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase

DHF –> THF

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20
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A

Inhibits Thymidylate synthase

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21
Q

Azaserine

A

Inhibits Nitrogen transer from glutamine

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22
Q

Hereditary Orotic aciduria

A

Defect in UMP synthase

Retarded growth, hypochromin anemia, excretion of orotic acid

Treatment with uridine/uracil

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23
Q

N-acetylglutamate synthase defect

A

Cannot make N-acetyl glutamate

Cannot activate CPS-I

Elevated ammonia, early death

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24
Q

CPS-I defect

A

Cannot make carbamoyl phosphate

Elevated ammonia in blood and urine

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25
OTC defect
Most common, X linked Hyperammonemia with orotic aciduria Buildup of carbamoyl phosphate --> moves to cytoplasm --> stimulates pyrimidine synthesis --> Increase orotic acid
26
Argininosuccinate synthetase defect
Not common Hyperammonemia, citrulene buildup
27
Argininosuccinate lyase defect
Buildup of argininosuccinate Moderate hyperammonemia Arginine is essential (can't make it)
28
Arginase defect
Elevated Arginine Slight elevation of ammonia levels
29
Urea cycle disorder treatments
Benzoic acid conjugates with glycine --> hippuric acid --> excreted Phenylacetate (phenylbuturate) - conjugates with glutamine --> phenylacetylglutamine --> excreted
30
PNPP deficiency
Buildup of dGTP --> blocks dCTP synthesis Reduced DNA synthesis T-cell deficiency
31
HG-PRT deficiency
Lesch-Nay Neurological defects, Self mutilation 2-10% function = only gout
32
Adenosine Deaminase deficiency
SCID dATP accumulates --> ribonucleotide reductase inhibited Lose immune function
33
Allopurinol
Binds to Xanthine Oxidase Xanthine/Hypoxanthine accumulate (more soluble and can be excreted)
34
CAD
1. CPS - II 2. Aspartate transcarbamoylase 3. Dihydroorotase
35
UMP synthase
1. Dihydroorotate DH 2. Orotate PRT 3. Orotidylic acid Decarboxylase
36
Anaphylatoxins
C3a, C5a Increase vascular permeability
37
C1 inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary Angioneurotic edema Swelling of skin, intestines, airways. Can lead to abdominal pain and vomiting
38
DAF deficiency
Paroxoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) Dark urine, RBC lysis
39
C3 deficiency
Most serious
40
RAG recombinase
Finds V and J gene sequences, initiates double stranded cuts --> links them and other DNA is lost
41
Somatic hypermutations
Single nucleotide mutations after B cell is activated by antigen Results in higher antibody affinity and affinity maturation
42
AID
Activation induced cytidine deaminase Involved in somatic hypermutation --> results in single strand nick (opening)
43
T-cell receptor
Alpha and beta chain | Variable and constant region
44
HSV ICP47
Binds to TAP
45
Adenovirus/CMV
Bind to MHC in ER
46
NK cells
Don't see MHC-I Purpose??
47
Gorlin Syndrome
Inherited PTCH mutation --> Nevoid Basal cell carcinoma
48
Vismodegib
SMO inhibitor
49
CDKN2A mutation
encodes p16 which inhibits CDK4 Loss of p16 = overactive CDK 4 = RB phos = E2F constitutive action Encodes p14 which binds and inhibits MDM2 Defect in p14 --> degradation of p53
50
Cystic fibrosis
CFTR gene mutation
51
Ex vivo therapy
Take out cells, culture, put back in to patient
52
In-vivo
Direct therapy Inject vehicle into bloodstream
53
CRISPR/Cas9
Tracer RNA/cas9/spacer nucleotides form complex Phage DNA identified, hybridized to spacer DNA Sequence cut, phage DNA cleaved and now resistant to phage
54
Egyptian medicine
Inspecting wounds, splint broken bones, bandages, and honey Brain reference
55
Greek medicine
Asclepius (Rod) Health and religion
56
Hippocrates
Separated medicine from religion Ethical principles
57
Galen
Treat gladiators Blood letting, opium (pain)
58
Roman health
Clean water
59
Maimonides
Jewish philosopher Glossary of drugs Oath of maimonides
60
Auenbrugger
Percussion
61
Morgagni
Anatomy/Dissections Diseases localized, pathology
62
Laennec
Stethocope
63
Hodgkin
Hodgkins lymphoma, appendicitis
64
Rontgen
X-ray
65
Einthoven
EKG
66
Fleming
Pennicilin
67
Crawford Long
Administered anesthesia
68
Lister
Sterile techniques
69
Pasteur
Microbes exist
70
Jay McLean
Heparin
71
WWI treatments
Saline/blood trasnfusions
72
WWII
Ostomies help survival
73
Korean war
Repair of arterial wounds, air ambulance
74
Cold War
Flow cytometry advances
75
Cyclophosphamide
Discovered after WWII ship with mustard gas
76
Sackett and Cochrane
Evidence based medicine
77
Creatine phosphate
ADP --> ATP
78
Myokinase
2 ADP --> ATP + AMP AMP activates PFK-1
79
Type 1 fibers
Slow twitch High mitochondria and myoglobin Resistance to fatigue
80
Type 2 fibers
Fast twitch Low mitochondria and myoglobin Fatigue Greater force

FoMM (5 decks)

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