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Week 6 Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of electrical impulses?

A

SA
AV
Bundle of His
two bundle fibers
Purkinje Fibers

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2
Q

What are factors that affect arterial pressure?

A

RAAS
SNS
amount of fluid volume
amout of blood
blood vessel flexibility

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3
Q

What are the four types of treatment of hypertension?

A

RAAS supressans
calcium channel blockers
sympatholytics (antidrenergic)
Direct-acting vasodilators

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4
Q

What are some types of RAAS suppressants?

A

ACE inhibitors
angiotensin two receptor blockers (ARBs)
aldosterone antagonists
direct renin inhibitors (DRIs)

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5
Q

What are three categories of drugs for heart failure?

A

diuretics
RAAS inhibitors
beta blockers

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6
Q

What are the two categories for CHD?

A

antilipemics and antianginals

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7
Q

What are the four categories to treat cardiac dysrhythmias?

A

I. sodium channel blockers
II. beta blockers
III. potassium channel blockers
IV. calcium channel blockers

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8
Q

What are three purposes of taking ACE inhibitors?

A

MI
HF
decrease progression of diabetick neuropathy

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9
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Blocks the conversion from ANG I to ANG II, so it prevents aldosterone from being made leading to the wasting of sodium and therefore water and makes people pee

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10
Q

What are some things to watch for with ACE inhibitors balance level wise?

A

hyponatremia
hypotension
hyperkalemia

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11
Q

What are three bad reactions to ACE inhibitors?

A

hacking cough, renal failure, and swollen tongue

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12
Q

What does heparin and coumadin do?

A

inhibits clot formation

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13
Q

What should be monitored when people take anticoagulants?

A

assess for bleeding

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14
Q

What is the antidote to heparin?

A

antidote: Protamine sulfate

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15
Q

What should be reported when someone is on heparin?

A

black tarry stools b/c sign of internal bleeding

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16
Q

How soon must Beta-adrenergic Blockers be administered to reduce mortality from MI?

A

within 8 hours of onset

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17
Q

What are two contraindications for Beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

diabetes and asthma

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18
Q

What should be assessed before administering Beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

BP and HR

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19
Q

What are three ADR of beta-adrenergic Blockers?

A

insominia, impotence, bradycardia

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20
Q

What should not be taken with Calcium channel blockers?

A

avoid grapefruit

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20
Q

How do Calcium channel blockers work?

A

blocks transport of Ca+ into myocardial cells, relax arteriolar smooth muscle;
some decrease the HR

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21
Q

What should be avoided when taking HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

avoid grapefruit and alcohol

22
Q

Cardiac Glycosides prototype

A

digoxin ( (Cardoxin® and Lanoxin®)

23
Q

Is digoxin a positive or negative inotrope?

A

positive inotrope because it makes the heart contract harder

24
What are some things to consider before administering digoxin?
check apical pulse for one min before administering and serum levels
25
What is the max serum level for cardiac glycosides?
2.0
26
What are five ADR for digoxin?
nausea/vomiting fatigue anorexia visual disturbances/halos blurring
27
What should be reported when taking "Statins"?
`weakness and rhabdomyolysis (red/brown urine)
28
Nitrates do what to the body?
Relax both arterial and venous smooth muscle and dilate coronary arteries.
29
What are some things to watch out for when someone is taking NTG?
tolerance orthostatic hypotension reflex tachycardia due to vasodilation
30
What is a drug not to take with nitrates?
Viagara because it is also a vasodilator
31
What are four ADR of nitrates?
headache dizziness/orthostatic hypotension tolerance tachycardia
32
What is something that someone taking spironolactone should not take?
potassium suplements
33
What can cause toxicity of digoxin?
too much potassium
34
What are six ADR of potassium sparing diuretics?
dizziness/headache GI distress paresthesia hyperuricemia hyperkalemia muscle weakness impotence
35
When should you hold spironolactone?
hyperkalemia- Hold infusion
36
What are four big effects of electrolyte levels of loop diuretics?
hyponatremia hypokalemia hyperglycemia polyuria
37
Why should you take lipitor at night?
the liver makes the most amount of cholesterol at night
38
What is a reportable ADR of furosemide?
ototoxicity
39
What is a reportable ADR of thiazide?
pulmonary edema, wheezing, and joint tenderness
40
What drug should be given slowly and why?
furosemide because there could be ototoxicity and other adverse reactions
41
Should Aspirin be taken with or without food?
with food because it is acidic
42
How should bile acid sequestrants be taken? (coleveselam and colespitol)
with food and water because it deals with acid
43
What are some ADR of CCB?
fatigue headache/dizziness flushing hypotension
44
What drug enhances the action of digoxin?
pines or CCB
45
When should fibrates be taken?
30 min before meals
46
What drug increases the risk for bleeding with warfarin?
fibrates
47
What labs should be monitored with heparin and enoxaparin?
platelet, PT, aPTT, INR, CBC
48
What is a drug that requires lab assessment of ALT and AST?
HMG-CoA reductase
49
Painful ADR for niacin can be treated how?
aspirin
50
What drug should be administered with a subcutaneous injection every 2-4 weeks?
Proprotein convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 inhibitors
51
Why should alteplase be administered slowly?
to prevent hypotension
52
What is alteplase contraindicated for? (4)
active bleed PUD History of stroke recent trauma

Pharm (10 decks)

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