Week 6: Ch.8: Self Control, Intelligence, & Success Flashcards
Cognitive Flexibility
Enables an individual to work efficiently to disengage from a previous task, reconfigure a new response set, and implement this new response set to the task at hand
Crystallized Intelligence
Horn & Cattell
Intellectual ability that reflects accumulated knowledge acquired through experience and learning
Facts, spelling, vocabulary, formulas, dates in history
Delay of Gratification
The act of resisting an impulse to take an immediately available reward in the hope of obtaining a more valued reward in the future
Executive Function
A set of mental skills that we use every day to learn, work, and manage daily life
- Working Memory
- Cognitive Flexibility
- Inhibitory Control
Paying Attention
Organizing
Starting tasks and staying focused on them
Understanding different points of view
Regulating emotions
Self-monitoring (keeping track of what you’re doing)
Fluid Intelligence
Horn and Cattell
Intellectual ability that reflects basic information processing skills, including working memory, processing speed, and the ability to detect relations among stimuli and draw inferences.
Underlies learning, is not influenced by culture, and reflects brain functioning.
Flynn Effect
The rise in IQ scores over generations in many nations
G Factor
Spearman’s General “G” Factor
Intelligence corresponds to a single underlying capacity on all mental tasks and accounts for individual differences in performance in all intellectual skills ranging from visual-spatial skills to verbal reasoning
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Intelligence as the ability to solve problems or create culturally valued products
Expands the use of the term intelligence to refer to skills not usually considered by experts as intelligence (highly debated)
Spatial
Naturalistic
Musical
Logical Mathematical
Existential
Interpersonal
Bodily Kinesthetic
Linguistic
Intrapersonal
Inhibition
The ability to control oneself by practicing
Selective Attention
Focus on relevant information and inhibit irrelevant information
Behavioral Restraint
Intelligence
An individual’s ability to adapt to the world
IQ Score
[Intelligence Quotient]
Lewis Terman at Stanford University adapted the Binet-Simon test
Reflect how well or poorly individuals do in comparison with same-age peers
Marshmallow Task
A study on delayed gratification on children
Children are sensitive to uncertainty about future rewards
MCII
A self-control strategy
Mental Contrasting & Implementation Intention (MCII)
Mental contrasting promotes effective goal setting
Implementation intention specifying where, when, and how you’ll get around obstacles
Mindset and Self-Control
Believing you have the power to wait can help you wait
“Superman can wait”
Primary Mental Abilities
A concept proposed by L.L. Thurston, intelligence is comprised of several abilities that are independent of one another (people vary in their capacities)
-Word Fluency
-Number Facility
-Spatial Visualization
-Memory
-Reasoning
-Perceptual Speed
