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Monday 1155 Lecture > Week 6: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 6: Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of the biological effects of chemicals

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

___ deals with drugs effects on the body and the body’s response to drugs

Brach of pharmacology that uses drugs to prevent, treat, and diagnose disease.

A

Clinical pharmacology (pharmacotherapeutics)

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3
Q

Nurses monitor for _____ (what drug is susposed to do) and ___ (what the drug shouldn’t do)

A

Therapeutic effects

Adverse effects

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4
Q

Drug evaluation

Preclinical trails

A

Animals

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5
Q

Drug evaluation

Phase 1

A

Healthy humans

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6
Q

Drug evaluation

Phase 2

A

Target patients

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7
Q

Drug evaluation

Phase 3

A

Clinical setting

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8
Q

Drug evaluation

Phase 4

A

Continual evaluation

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9
Q

Drug names

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) acetamide

Acetaminophen

Tylenol

A

Chemical Name

Generic Name

Trade Name

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10
Q

U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Assigns drugs to a category of

Nonprescription
Prescription

Prescription can be divided into 2 more catagories

A

Controlled / Uncontrolled

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11
Q

How many schedules are there for controlled drugs

Which has no medical use in the US

A

5

Schedule 1 has no medical use in the US

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12
Q

_____ therapy is used with conventional/ tradicional medicine

A

Complementary therapy (integrative medicine)

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13
Q

______ is used instead of traditional/ conventional medicine

A

Alternative

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14
Q

_____ are substances that cause abnormal development of the fetus

A

Teratogens

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15
Q

When are fetuses most susceptible to teratogenic effects

A

1st trimester

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16
Q

How the drug affects the body

Replace / substitute for missing chemicals

Increase or Decrease cellular activity

Interfer with the functioning of foreign cells

A

Pharmacodynamics

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17
Q

How the body acts on drugs

Main processes involved are

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

A

Pharmacokinetics

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18
Q

Pharmacodynamics (how drugs affect the body)

Ability to only attack foreign cells

(Penicillin)

A

Selective Toxicity

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19
Q

Pharmacodynamics (how drugs affect the body)

Interfer with enzyme systems that act as a catalyst for chemical reactions

(Lisinopril)

A

Drug-enzyme interactions

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20
Q

Pharmacodynamics (how drugs affect the body)

Receptor sites

Agonists (Morphine or Naloxone)

Antagonist (Morphine or Naloxone)

A

Agonist = Morphine

Antagonist = Naloxone

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21
Q

Pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drugs)

_____ is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect

A

Critical concentration

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22
Q

Drug dissolves in GI tract to be absorbed

Tabs and capsules will dissolve in the stomach and esophagus

______ do not dissolve until they reach the Alkaline small intestine

This process describes the _____ Phase

A

Enteric coated

Pharmaceutic Phase

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23
Q

Pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drugs)

___ is moving a drug into the body for circulation

A

Absorption

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24
Q

Pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drugs)

____ involves the movement of a drug to the body’s tissues

Factors that affect are

Circulation
Cell membrane
Plasma protein binding

A

Distribution

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25
To cross the blood brain barrier a drug must be _____ soluble
Lipid
26
Aka biotransformation Process by which th3 body changes a drug to a less active form that can be excreted
Metabolism
27
EC, ER, SR, XL are all long lasting drugs and examples of ____ coated
Enteric
28
Liver uses _____ enzyme to alter drugs and start metabolism
P-450
29
Nicotine, Alcohol, and Gluticosteroids all (Induce / Inhibit) P-450 enzyme Speeds up the metabolism Patient will not receive full effect of medication
Induce
30
Aminodarone Ketoconazole Both (Induce/ Inhibit) cytochrome P-450 metabolism This can allow the drug to build up to toxic levels
Inhibit
31
First-pass effect refers to
The ability of the liver to make drugs less powerful
32
Drugs are metabolized by _____ Excreted by ____
Liver Kidneys
33
The amount of time it takes the level of a drug in your system to be cut in half.
Half-life
34
Drugs with a (short / long) half-life need to be administrated more frequently Drugs with a (short/long) half-life need to be administrated less frequently
Short = more frequently Long = less frequently
35
A (large / small) therapeutic index is safer
Large
36
Levels important when discussing therapeutic index _____ highest concentration in blood ______ lowest concentration of drug in blood
Peak Trough
37
Expected and predictable effects that result at therapeutic dosage Benadryl makes you sleepy Opiods cause constipation Antibiotics cause nausea
Side effects
38
Undesirable, inadvertent, unexpected and sometimes sever response to medications Lasix causes hearing loss Antibiotics allow for a Cdiff infection
Adverse effects
39
Conditions clients have that make it unsafe to recieve medications
Contraindications
40
Adverse effects can be divided into primary and secondary effects not related to the therapeutic effect _____ blood thinner causes excessive GI bleeding. _____ dermatological reaction because drug can deposit in skin
Primary Secondary
41
Toxic reactions are likely to occur due to this organ not functioning properly
Kidney
42
Angioedema is...
Swelling of eyes, lips, tongue
43
Rapid onset Dyspnea Tingling Itching Low BP Tachycardia Are symptoms of
Anaphylaxis
44
Nurse implications for administration of drugs includes Monitor for therapeutic ___
Response
45
Beta blockers Suffix Used for Before giving check.... Side Effects
Suffix - olol Used for HTN, HF, Irregular heart rhythm SE: Lightheadedness Bradycardia Hypotension Fatigue
46
Suffix - olol Used for HTN, HF, Irregular heart rhythm SE: Lightheadedness Bradycardia Hypotension Fatigue
Beta blockers
47
Prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2. Which causes vasodilation Suffix - pril
Ace inhibitor
48
Ace Inhibitor Suffix - Use
Suffix - pril Use: prevention of conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 (which causes vasodilation)
49
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) SUFFIX - Treats TEACH
Suffix: SARTAN (irbesartan, valsartan, losartan and candesartan) Treats:  to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.  Teach: slow posistion changes Notify provider if angioedema
50
Calcium channel blockers Suffix - Plus 2 exceptions Therapeutic effect Side Effects
Suffix - Dipine Plus, verapamil & diltiazem Therapeutic effect: Lowe's contractility & conductivity of the heart. Lowers demand for oxygen Side effects: Lower BP Bradycardia Precipitate AV block Headache Peripheral Edema
51
Suffix - Dipine Plus, verapamil & diltiazem Therapeutic effect: Lowe's contractility & conductivity of the heart. Lowers demand for oxygen Side effects: Lower BP Bradycardia Precipitate AV block Headache Peripheral Edema
Calcium Channel blockers
52
High Loop Diuretics Suffix - ide Before giving check Clinical uses: Side effects:
Suffix -ide Check BP / K+ before giving Clinical uses: Heart Failure Hypertension Edema Side effects: Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesium Ototoxicity (hearing or balance problem due to medication)
53
Suffix -ide Check BP / K+ before giving Clinical uses: Heart Failure Hypertension Edema Side effects: Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesium Ototoxicity (hearing or balance problem due to medication)
High loop diuretics
54
Loop diuretics include ET is Fabulous
Erthacrynic acid Torasemide Furosemide Azosemide Bumetanide
55
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Names: PASTE
Potassium sparring diuretics Amilorde Spironolactone Triamterene Epleronome
56
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Used to treat: Check ___ before giving What is their function
Treat: Edema CHF Check K & BP Function: gets rid of sodium and water. Blocks Aldosterone in the kidney
57
Ace inhibitor Adverse Effects (2)
Hyperkalemia/ Angioedema
58
ACE & ARBS are similar except by this side effect
ACE has a dry cough
59
Adverse effect for ACE INHIBITOR
Hyperkalemia/ angioedema
60
Name Calcium channel blockers (Are Very Nice Drugs)
Amlodipine Verapamil Nifedepine Diltiazem
61
Loop diuretics will affect this electrolyte the most
K+ Potassium
62
Potassium Sparring Diuretics can lead to (hypo / Hyperkalemia)
Hyperkalemia
63
Thiazide diuretics used most commonly for...
HTN
64
Thiazide Diuretics only keep this electrolyte and get rid of the rest
Rid: Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium Keep: Calcium Ie. Hypo: kalemia, natremia, magnesia Hypercalcemia
65
Antihyperlipidemics Purpose: Suffix
Purpose: lower cholesterol & CV events Suffix: Statin
66
(Statins) Antihyperlipidemics Lower cholesterol & CV events SE:
Myopathies (muscle aches) Weakness Increased liver enzymes Rhabdomyosis
67
Insulin given with meals is called
Prandial
68
Insulin SE
Hypoglycemia Weight gain Peripheral Edema
69
Opiods SE M O R P H I N E
Myosis (Pinhead eyes) Out of it Respitory depression Pneumonia Hypotension Infrequency Nausea Emesis
70
Corticosteroids (Anti-inflammatory) Given for: Asthma COPD (Respitory) Autoimmune Suffix
Suffix- one (Hydro)cortisone (Methyl)Prednisone Dexamethasone Betamethasone
71
Corticosteroids (Anti-inflammatory) Given for which conditions _______ Suffix- one (Hydro)Cortison, (Methyl)prednisone SE
Given for: Asthma, COPD, Autoimmune SE: weight gain, mood swings, insomnia, fluid retention, High BP
72
Antiplatelets (anti-clotting) Suffix - Examples Reduces risk of ______
Suffix- Grel clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor.  Reduces risk of Artherosclerotic events
73
Antiplatelets (anti-clotting) Suffix - grel clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor.  Reduces risk of artherosclerotic events Check these levels Avoid these medications Teaching
Check these levels: thrombocytopenia & CBC AVOID MEDICATIONS: NSAIDS / PPI Teaching: Monitor for cuts and increased bruises
74
Benzodiazepine: Suffix: Side effects: drowsy, lightheaded, falls, adictive
Azolam Azepam
75
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Suffix Use _____
Suffix - prazole Use: Heartburn / inhibit gastric secretions Give before meals
76
Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Iansoprazole Type of medication Suffix / names Use
Proton Pump Inhibitor -prazole Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Iansoprazole Use: heartburn / decrease gastric juices
77
Can RN's take telephone/ verbal orders Can student nurses
RN = Yes Student = No
78
Types of Orders Coutinous until otherwise noted Everyday Sametime
Routine
79
Pain or Nausea medication may be ordered to be given when the patient needs it
PRN
80
Bolus is the administration of a discrete amount of drug within 1–30 minutes, to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level. Example of this type of order
One time order
81
Parts of Med order Patients Name ___________ Name of drug ___________ Route of administration __________ Signature of Prescriber
Date / time Dosage of drug Frequency of Administration
82
Parts of a medication order _______ Date / time ________ Dosage of drug ___________ Frequency of Administration ___________
Patients Name Date / time Name of drug Dosage of drug Route of administration Frequency of Administration Signature of provider
83
Which type of orders need to have a reason
PRN
84
When to do the 3 medication checks
1. Reaching for the unit dose in the pyxis 2. Compare lable with the MAR after retrieving from the drawer 3. Replacing the container to the drawer / Before dose is given to patient
85
No medication maybe given to a patient without...
Medication Order
86
1. Reaching for container or unit dose 2. Compare lable with MAR after retrieval from drawer / before pouring from multidose container 3. Before giving to patient/ when replacing Describes
3 checks
87
Before giving medication preform the (3) checks 1. Reaching for container or unit dose 2. Compare lable with MAR after retrieval from drawer / before pouring from multidose container 3. Before giving to patient/ when replacing And these Rights
5 rights of medical administration 1. Medication 2. Patient 3. Dosage 4. Route 5. Time
88
Has patient recieved this med before Does it make sense Why is THIS patient taking this med Is Right
Right medication
89
Verify right patient by
Looking at wrist band Ask patients Name and birthday
90
Vitals Labs Medication administration instructions/ parameters Physical assessment findings Deal with this Right
Right Assessment
91
Assess lab values as appropriate Side effects / Adverse effects Effective? Deals with this Right
Right Response
92
Why is the patient receiving? What is the purpose Expalin Expected effects / side effects Explain Direction to take Associated with these patients Rights
Right education
93
Right Reason Assessment Documentos Response Education ________ Six more " Rights"
Refuse
94
What to know before admission of meds N C A U U S I N I P T A
Name Class Action Use Usual route / dose Side effects/ adverse effects Interaction Nursing Implications Patient teaching Antidote
95
Error or commission or omission that could harm a patient but do not
Near misses
96
1.0 mg of gabapenton PO q6h Correct?
No Never use Trailing zeros 1mg gabapenton PO q6h
97
0.25 mg gabapenton q6h Correct?
Correct .25 mg could be read as 25 mg Always use leading zeros
98
How many patients rights are there
11
99
Amilorde Spironolactone Triamterene Epleronome
Potassium sparring diuretics
100
Suffix - Dipine Plus, verapamil & diltiazem Examples of
Calcium channel blockers
101
Amlodipine Verapamil Nifedepine Diltiazem Are these class of drugs
Calcium blockers
102
Difference between Pharmacology Vs Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacology: Biological effects of chemicals Clinical Pharmacology/ pharmacotherapeutics Branch of Pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, diagnose diseases
103
National Drug Code (NDC) ....
Number used to identify specific drug
104
The more the drug is bound to ______, the more difficult it is to cross cell membranes
Protein (Plasma binding protein)
105
Urea nitrogen (BUN) is a normal waste product that comes from....
Breakdown of protein in foods
106
Creatinine is a waste product in the blood that comes from...
Muscle activity
107
Factors influence drug effects Electrolyte imbalance, hydration, acid base balance are examples of (Physiological/ Pathological) factors
Physiological
108
Factors that influence drug effects Hepatic, renal, GI dysfunction, vascular disorders (Physiological/ Pathological)
Pathological
109
Metoprol Type Used for Check Side effects
Beta blockers Used for: HTN, HF, irregular heart rhythm Check HR & BP prior SE: light headedness, bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue
110
Labetalol Type Used for Check SE
Beta blockers Used for: HTN, HF, irregular heart rhythm Check HR & BP prior SE: light headedness, bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue
111
Atenolol Type Use Check SE
Beta blockers Used for: HTN, HF, irregular heart rhythm Check HR & BP prior SE: light headedness, bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue
112
Benazepril Type Use Check SE
ACE inhibitor Use: HTN, Heart failure, Check: BP, HR, respiratory SE: Dry cough Adverse effects: Angioedema/ Hyperkalemia / Dry Cough
113
Captopril Type Use Check SE
ACE inhibitor Use: HTN, Heart failure, Check: BP, HR, respiratory SE: Dry cough Adverse effects: Angioedema/ Hyperkalemia / Dry Cough
114
Enalapril Type Use Check SE
ACE inhibitor Use: HTN, Heart failure, Check: BP, HR, respiratory SE: Dry cough Adverse effects: Angioedema/ Hyperkalemia
115
Fosinopril Type Use Check SE
ACE inhibitor Use: HTN, Heart failure, Check: BP, HR, respiratory SE: Dry cough Adverse effects: Angioedema/ Hyperkalemia
116
Losartan Type Use Check SE
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Use: HTN, HF Check: BP b4 giving SE: Hypotension/ Hypokalemia Lightheaded, fatigue Angioedema
117
Valsartan Type Use Check SE
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Use: HTN, HF Check: BP b4 giving SE: Hypotension/ Hypokalemia Lightheaded, fatigue Angioedema
118
Olmesartan Type Use Check SE
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) Use: HTN, HF Check: BP b4 giving SE: Hypotension/ Hypokalemia Lightheaded, fatigue Angioedema
119
Amlodipine Type Use Check SE
Calcium channel blockers Use: Lowers contractions, conduction, demand for oxygen HTN, Angina (chest pain), Heart rhythm disorders Check BP & HR SE: Lower BP Bradycardia Peripheral edema
120
Nifedepine Type Use Check SE
Calcium channel blockers Use: Lowers contractions, conduction, demand for oxygen HTN, Angina (chest pain), Heart rhythm disorders Check BP & HR SE: Lower BP Bradycardia Peripheral edema
121
Verapamil Type Use Check SE
Calcium channel blockers Use: Lowers contractions, conduction, demand for oxygen HTN, Angina (chest pain), Heart rhythm disorders Check BP & HR SE: Lower BP Bradycardia Peripheral edema
122
Diltiazem Type Use Check SE
Calcium channel blockers Use: Lowers contractions, conduction, demand for oxygen HTN, Angina (chest pain), Heart rhythm disorders Check BP & HR SE: Lower BP Bradycardia Peripheral edema
123
Blackbox warning
Dangerous Adverse effects associated with drug Prescribed because Benefits outweigh the Risks
124
Are generic drug names capitalized? Are trade names capitalized
No Exp. acetaminophen Yes Exp. Tylenol
125
Drug which brand name version of drug is usually Preferred over the generic
Synthoid
126
Do uncontrolled drugs require a prescription/ monitoring by a provider
Yes, they are prescription drugs No risk for abuse
127
Complementary Vs Alterernative medicines
Comp used with Standard treatment Alt used instead of
128
Selective Toxicity Drug enzyme Interaction Receptor Site (Pharmacodynamics/ Pharmacokinetics)
Pharmacodynamics
129
Lisinopril is an example of which type of Pharmacodynamics action
Drug- enzyme interactions Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE INHIBITOR)
130
Some drugs will be given a _____ dose which is a higher concentration of medication then is normally given in a Maintenance dose
Loading
131
Maintaining Critical Concentration requires ________ a process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Dynamic equilibrium
132
A rash is an alergic reaction or a side effect from a drug?
Both
133
Which type of drugs can reduced the effectiveness of other types of drugs
PPI Omeprazole Heart burn
134
Ethancrynic Acid Type Use Check SE
High loop diuretics Use: Heart Failure, Hypertension Edema Check: BP & K+ SE: Hypo: natremia, kalemia, magnesemia & ototoxicity
135
Torasemide Type Use Check SE
High loop diuretics Use: Heart Failure, Hypertension Edema Check: BP & K+ SE: Hypo: natremia, kalemia, magnesemia & ototoxicity
136
Amilorde
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Get rid of other electrolytes
137
Spironolactone
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Get rid of other electrolytes
138
Triamterene
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Get rid of other electrolytes
139
Epleronome
Potassium Sparring Diuretics Get rid of other electrolytes
140
Simvastatin Type Use Check SE
Antihyperlipidemics Reduce cholesterol and CV events Lipid panel SE: Mild muscle pain Notify provider if sever muscle pain, tenderness, or fever occurs
141
Atorvastatin Type Use Check SE
Antihyperlipidemics Reduce cholesterol and CV events Lipid panel SE: Mild muscle pain Notify provider if sever muscle pain, tenderness, or fever occurs
142
Rosuvastatin Type Use Check SE
Antihyperlipidemics Reduce cholesterol and CV events Lipid panel SE: Mild muscle pain Notify provider if sever muscle pain, tenderness, or fever occurs
143
Hydroclorothiazide Type Use Check SE
Thiazide Diuretics Diuretics Keeps CALCIUM, gets rid of potassium, Sodium, Magnesium Check: K+ before giving SE: Hypotension Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypomagnesemia Hypercalcemia
144
Heparin SQ & IV Type Use Check SE Teach
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K SE: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
145
Enoxaparin SQ TYPE USE CHECK Teaching
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K Teaching: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
146
Warfin PO TYPE USE CHECK SE
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K SE: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
147
Suffix (-rin) & (-aban/ -atran) Type of drug
Anticoagulant
148
Rivaroxaban Type Use Check SE
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K SE: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
149
Dabigatran Type Use Check SE
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K SE: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
150
Apixaban Type Use Check SE
Anticoagulant Blocks certain clotting factors Check: Hgb/Hct, Plt, PT/ INR, OCCULT BLOOD, aptt , Vitamin K SE: bleeding precaución Avoid NSAIDS, ASA, IM injection
151
Prednisone Type Use Teachings SE
Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatory: Asthma, COPD, Autoimmune disease Must wean off - don't just stop SE: Long term osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency
152
Cortisone Type Use Teach SE
Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatory: Asthma, COPD, Autoimmune disease Must wean off - don't just stop SE: Long term osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency
153
Hydrocortisone Type Use Teaching SE
Corticosteroids Anti-inflammatory: Asthma, COPD, Autoimmune disease Must wean off - don't just stop SE: Long term osteoporosis, aseptic joint necrosis, adrenal insufficiency
154
Clopidogrel What is the trade name Type Teaching SE
Plavix Inhibit platelet aggregation Teaching: take at same time, don't double up, ask physicians b4 taking otc supplements SE: GI Bleed, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
155
Omeprazole Type Trade name Use
PPI Proton Pump Inhibitor Prilosec Reduce heart burn
156
ARBs stand for Used for
Angiotensin receptor blockers Used: High blood pressure / heart failure
157
Nancy's Cat Ate Umbrellas Under Sunny Indigo Nights. It Purred Through All. Mnemonic is used for what?
Before administración of meds Name Class Action Use Usual route / dose Side effects/ adverse effects Interaction Nursing Implications Patient teaching Antidote

Monday 1155 Lecture (8 decks)

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