3 lines of defense against pathogens 1. Protective Barrier. (Give examples) 2. Innate immune system: Natural Killer cells, Macrophages; Including Neutrophils 3. Adaptive immune system: (Give Examples)

1. Stomach Acid, skin & Mucous Membranes 3. Antibodies, B-cells, T-cells

Week 1 Lab Flashcards by Jade Ring

Which type of Precautions would be used for the following. Tuberculosis, Varicella, Rubeola (Measles)

Airborne Precautions

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Which type of Precautions would be used for the following. Multidrug-resistant Organism (MDRO) & MRSA

Contact Precautions

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types of infectious agents: Bacteria, Fungi, Prions, Viruses and ____

Parasites

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Portals of Exit (Ways in which infectious agents leave the reservior) Blood, Secretions, Excretions, and

Skin

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Reservior of Infections are….

Where the virulent organsims live

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Modes of Transmission of infectious agents can be direct or indirect. Give examples of both

Direct:
Person-to-person contact.

Droplet spread. The spray of droplets during coughing and sneezing can spread an infectious disease.

Indirect:

Airborne transmission.

Fomites (Contaminated objects)

Food and drinking Water

Animal-to-person

Animal reservoirs

Insect bites (vector-borne disease)

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Immune deficiency, Diabetes, Burns, Surgery, Age make which kind of host for a pathogen

Susceptible

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Explain the difference between Droplet and Airborn Transmission, including size

Droplet comes in direct contact from one person to another with Bodily Fluid. Greater than 5 Microns

Airborn are tiny particles suspended in the air and are less than 5 Microns

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3 lines of defense against pathogens

Protective Barrier. (Give examples)
Innate immune system: Natural Killer cells, Macrophages; Including Neutrophils
Adaptive immune system: (Give Examples)

Stomach Acid, skin & Mucous Membranes
Antibodies, B-cells, T-cells

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________: When a person gets an infection caused by a pathogen that is already colonizing a part of their body (e.g., S. aureus in their nose).

_______: When a person gets an infection from a germ that recently spread to them from another person or from a shared contaminated surface.

Endogenous / Exogenous

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6 parts of the Chain of Infection

Infectious Agents, Reseviors, Portals of Exit, Modes of Transmisson, Portals of Entry, Susceptible Host.

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In Rainy Paris, My Pretty Sunflowers Bloom”Mnemonic for Chain of infection.

Infectious Agents, Reseviors, Portals of Exit, Modes of Transmisson, Portals of Entry, Susceptible Host

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Surgical Sepsis aka, used for

Sterile Technique, Dressing Changes, Catheterizations, Surgical Procedures, Injectable Medication

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4 stages of an infection

Prodromal- non descript, slight fever genral malaise
Acute Illness- Disease Manifest and becomes Sever
Decline: Manifestaciones begin to wane as the disease decreases
_____Client returns to normal or New Normal

Convalescence- Client returns to normal or New Normal

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HAI Healthcare Associated Infections. VAPs

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

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What is the mnemonic for Chain of infection?

In Rainy Paris, My Pretty Sunflowers Bloom”

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Medical Asepsis aka (what is it used for)

Clean technique: Medications, Enemas, Tube Feedings, Daily Hygine

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having an internal cause or origin.
“the expected rate of infection is _______ to the system”

endogenous

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induced in a patient by the treatment or comments of a physician.

Iatrogenic

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HAI Healthcare Associated Infections. CAUTIs

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection

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HAI Healthcare Associated Infections. SSI

Surgical Site Infection

List ways to prevent healthcare associated infections.

Hand Hygiene
Personalg
Isolation Precautions
Aseptic Techniques
Safe Injection Practices
Proper Handling of Contaminated Materials
Vaccination
Antibiotic Stewardship
Patient and Family Education
Surveillance and Reporting
Staff Education and Training
Collaboration and Communication

HAI Healthcare Associated Infections CLABSIs

Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection

______ allow your body to create a defense against future invaders.

________ circulate in your body once created to identify, attack, and destroy the same type of antigens if they enter the body again

Antigens / Antibodies

______ regularly occurring within an area or community

Endemic

Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding anthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas.

Vector

the severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison.

Virulence

________ also referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are infection(s) acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission.

Nosocomial infections

If a pathogen makes it past the Skin Barrier then past the normal flora inc. Stomach, which are the 2 types of responses that occur in the body?

Inflammatory 1st Immune 2nd

Exudate comes in 3 varities describe Serous, Sanguineous, Purulent

Serous (clear), Sanguineous (RBC), Purulent (Pus)

Which type of Precautions would be used for the following. Rubella (German Measles), Diphtheria, Adenovirus

Droplet precautions

Does the Medical Asepsis technique kill all pathogens? How about Sterile asepsis

Medical No, spores survive. Surgical yes all pathogens are killed

Pruritus

Itching

Rhinitis

Stuffy nose

3 varying levels of reaction to latex: 1. Irritant Contact dermatitis, Not really an Allergy at all. True or False 2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Type IV sensitivity, localized Pruritus (Itching), Erythema (reddness/ Rash), urticarial lesions always immediately after Contact. True or False 3. True laxet allergy: type 1 hypersensitivity. Immediate systemic response that results in anaphylaxis. True or False

1. True, 2. False can be immediately or after hours or days 3. TRUE

Procedures that involve insertion of a urinary catheter, sterile dressing cjanges, preparing an injectable medication are examples of which type of asepsis technique?

Surgical

______ organisms are either purple or blue in color, while ____ organisms are either pink or red in color.

Gram-positive / gram-negative

Antigen / Antibody reaction is know as this type of immunity

Humoral

Disinfection kills all pathogenic orgs except

Spores

4 catagories that are responsible for a majority of HAIs

Catheter- Associated UTI (CAUTI) Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Central line-associated bloodstream Infection (CLABI) Ventilator-associated Infection (VAI)

Afebrile

Not feverish

Sterilization kills all organisms including spores True or False

True

Cillia and stomach acid are which line of defense

1st

Colonization of bacteria means...

Bacteria are present but no infection

The "Decline" in an infection means ..

The virus is declining The patient is getting better

HAI (HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS) It is considered an HAI if someone develops an infection at home within 30 days of being in the hospital True or False

True

Low this vitamin is associated with low immunity

C diff Hand hygine (Soap & H²O or Alcohol Gel) Type of Precautions

Soap & H²0 Contact: Gown & Gloves

Change gloves from Dirty Task to Clean Task Exp. From moving a bed then emptying a catheter Should gloves be changed?

No, because it is from clean to dirty

Who are standard precautions used for? When

Everybody

Hand Hygiene: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette: Safe Injection Practices: Environmental Cleaning:

Standard Precautions

Which type of Precautions is a negative pressure room

Airborne