- Greek fleet regroups post-Thermopylae - Persian fleet lured into the hot gates at Salamis - Themistokles and Aristides defeat persian fleet - Xerxes withdraws to Anatolia while they regroup during the winter in Boiotia and Thessaly

Week 6 Review Flashcards by Reanna Basanisi

Immortals

Persian elite troops that were led around pass of the hot gates by a traitor

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Mardonius

Persian general that ravaged Attica

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Thermopylae

One key choke point the Hellenic league attempts to stop Xerxes invasion as they descended
- Incredible stand at this pass

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Salamis

Greek fleet regroups post-Thermopylae
Persian fleet lured into the hot gates at Salamis
Themistokles and Aristides defeat persian fleet
Xerxes withdraws to Anatolia while they regroup during the winter in Boiotia and Thessaly

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Plataiai

Final land battle during the second invasion of Greece
- Hellenic league led by Spartan general Pausanias
- Heavy losses from both sides

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Mycale

The battle that destroyed the remainder of the persian fleet

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Artemisium

Other choke-point that the Greeks used to halt Persia’s descent
- naval engagement with inconclusive results, although greek troops retreated

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Himera

Battle in Sicily
- Tyrany Gelon of Gela and Syracuse vs. the Carthaginians and some greek allies
- Salamis and Himera happened simultaneously

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Leonidas

Spartan King, festival dedicated to him called Leonideia

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Themistokles

Defeat of persian fleet in Battle of Salamis

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Gelon

Tyrant of Gela and Syracuse involved in Battle of Himera

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Pausanias

Hellenic league led by Spartan general in Battle of Plataia

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Delian League

Aim was to include all-greeks and was the heir to the hellenic league
- aimed to free the greeks and combat Persia
- contributions paid by allies in ships or in cash to a collective war fund
- Athens was the leader (hegemon)

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“Fifty-year period” or Pentekontaetia

First book of Thucydides’ history
- a period of squabbles between the second invasion of Persia and the Peloponnesian war

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Hellenotamiai

Treasurers of the greeks and collected the funds from the Delian league
- Aristides the original head

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Cleruchy

Greek colony where settlers kept their original citizenship and did not form an independent community

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Reforms of Ephialtes

Ephialtes a radical democrat
- diminishes the power of Areopagus
- installed a judicial system with the boule (council, ekklesia (assembly), and the Heliaia (court)

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Pericles’ citizenship law

Male and female citizens required both parents to be Athenian in order to claim Athenian citizenship (not just the father)

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Thirty years’ peace

Negotiated between Athens and Sparta
- both forces allowed to be the hegemon of their respective leagues
- standard duration for peace treaty

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Liturgy

Richest members of Greek city-states contributed to the state financially

Trierarchy

Financing a trireme

Tribute lists

Stelai (stone pillars) inscribed with details of financial tributes

Thucydides

Writer that believed in observation and inquiry
- Details the thirty years peace

Cimon

Son of general Militiades
- Was a very prominent figure in Athens after establishing a cleruchy in Scyros
- Wins a naval battle against the persians at the Eurymedon river
- prevents Persia from making further advances in the Aegean

Hiero

Fights against the Etruscans of Southern Italy in defense of Syracuse

Delos

Capital of the delian league - birthplace of Apollo and main sanctuary of the god

Amphipolis

Involved in Athenian expansion during thirty years peace - Colony implanted in Thrace

Thurii

Involved in Athenian expansion during thirty years peace - Greek colony in Italy

Skyros

Location of the cleruchy established by Cimon

Naxos

One of the first revolts of the Delian league - Were forced to pay in cash rather than in ships as a result

Eyrymedon river

The location of the persian naval battle that Cimon successfully won

Argos

Megara allied with Argos

Samos

At the end of thirty years peace there was a revolt

Byzantion

Besieged by Sparta during Peloponnesian war and transferred the power to Sparta - near the end of thirty years peace, there was a revolt

Syracuse

Hiero's death resulted in the domination of Syracuse and its independence

Pindar

Composed epinician odes - lyrical poem celebrating athletic victory - believes athlete becomes like a god in victory, but not quite - important to retain humility

Simonides of Keos

Famous for his commemorative poetry

Bacchylides of Keos

Simonides' student or nephew? - Composed epinician odes and dithyramb

Athenian treasury at Delphi

temple-like building used to store dedications and to display the wealth and authority of the offering city

Charioteer of Delphi

Victor of the chariot racing of the Pythian games - considered rigid form of late Archaic art

Red-figure pottery

Popular form of Athenian pottery that contained advancements in Athenian art

Discobolus (disk-thrower)

Depictions of a discobolus signify deeper developments in Greek art and a movement towards naturalism

Lapiths

Related to West Pediment of The Temple of Zeus at Olympia - representation of a clash involving lapiths (heroic humans)

Centaurs

Related to West Pediment of The Temple of Zeus at Olympia - Represents barbaroi in a clash

Dithyramb

Wild choral song dedicated to Dionysos

Epinician ode

Lyrical poem about human athletic victory coined by Pindar

Elegy

- Elegy: longer poem, meant to arouse pity (pathos) and celebrate the dead - Related to Simonides of Keos

Epigram

Related to Simonides of Keos - Succinct or pithy version of an elegy

Megara

Becomes allied with Athens instead of Peloponnesian league during the prelim/first Peloponnesian war