Week 6: Social psychology part 2

Question 1

Behaviour that helps other people with no apparent gain or with potential cost to oneself

Answer 1

altruism

Question 2

____________is the doctrine that all behaviour is designed to increase one’s own pleasure or reduce one’s own pain.

Answer 2

Ethical hedonism

Question 3

_____________ which holds that natural selection favours animals that behave altruistically if the likely benefit to each individual over time exceeds the likely cost. In other words, if the dangers are small but the gains in survival and reproduction are large, altruism is an adaptive strategy.

Answer 3

reciprocal altruism,

Question 4

a diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible.

Answer 4

diffusion of responsibility

Question 4

A decision-making model of bystander intervention.

Answer 4

In the first stage, the bystander must notice the emergency.

In stage 2, the bystander must interpret the incident as an emergency.

In stage 3, the bystander must assume responsibility.

Once the bystander accepts responsibility, he must then decide what to do and try to do it.

– At any point in this process, a bystander may make a decision that leads to inaction.

Question 5

bystander intervention

Answer 5

A form of altruism involving helping people in need

Question 6

______ refers to compliance with the demands of an authority

Answer 6

obedience

Question 7

_______means changing attitudes or behaviour to accommodate the standards of peers or groups

Answer 7

conformity

Question 8

__________refers to the effects of the presence of others on the way people think, feel and behave.

Answer 8

Social influence

Question 9

______ standards for the behaviour of group members

Answer 9

Norms

Question 10

The groups to which a person refers when taking action.

Answer 10

reference group

Question 11

A reference group can be _____ or _____

Answer 11

positive,
negative

Question 12

A positive reference group (but not necessarily a positive ______)

Answer 12

influence

Question 13

A_____is a position in a group that has norms specifying appropriate behaviour for its occupants

Answer 13

role

Question 14

the group members who take responsibility for seeing that the group completes its tasks are called _______ , or ________. Others, called _____________, try to keep the group working cohesively and with minimal animosity.

Answer 14

task leaders,
instrumental leaders,
social–emotional leader

Question 15

A reduction in individual effort when in a group

Answer 15

social loafing

Question 16

a movement towards a decision that is at the extreme position

Answer 16

group polarisation

Question 17

people tend to cluster together to be viewed even more favourably by members of their ingroup.

Answer 17

group cohesiveness

Question 18

A phenomenon where people are less likely to help others when there is a group of people

Answer 18

Bystander effect

Question 19

A form of altruism involving helping people in need.

Answer 19

Bystander intervention

Question 20

A diminished sense of personal responsibility to act because others are seen as equally responsible.

Answer 20

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 21

refers to behaviours people perform that have no apparent gain to oneself.

Answer 21

Altruism

Question 22

The idea that there are no true acts of altruism because altruistic acts are all performed to make the altruist feel good is known as

Answer 22

ethical hedonism

Question 23

When Kitty Genovese was brutally murdered and no one who witnessed this crime intervened, this is an example of the

Answer 23

bystander effect

Question 24

________is when people feel less responsible to act because others have an equal responsibility to act.

Answer 24

diffusion of responsibility

Question 25

_______is when people follow instruction from authority figures.

Answer 25

Obedience

Question 26

People putting in less effort for a group assessment at university compared to an individual assessment is an example of

Answer 26

social loafing

Question 27

The experiment that illustrated conformity by asking participants to select the longest line was conducted by __________.

Answer 27

Asch study

Question 28

Assigning a person with a label and then requesting them to do something that is consistent with that label is known as the _______

Answer 28

labelling technique

Question 29

The experiment that illustrated obedience by instructing participants to give electric shocks when an ‘actor’ provided incorrect answers was conducted by ________

Answer 29

Stanley Milgram

Question 30

When a group makes a decision to primarily uphold the harmony of the group is an example of _________.

Answer 30

groupthink

Question 31

A technique of social influence where you start with a bigger request expecting it to be denied and then move to a smaller request. For example, a teenager wants to stay out until midnight, they ask their dad if they can stay out until 2pm and he says no. Then ask if they can stay until midnight and he says yes.

Answer 31

Door-in-the-face technique

Question 32

A technique of social influence where something is broken up into smaller elements to make it look more favorable. For example, Afterpay where you can purchase a pair of shoes for just $10 per week for 10 weeks, which sounds better than $100

Answer 32

Legitimization-of-paltry-favors technique