Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Leah GIL > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Describe Haemoconchus contortus

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Importance

A

Species: sheep, goats

Type: nematode

Location: abomasum

clinical signs:
- anaemia
- diarrhoea
- weight gain
- bottle jaw

Diagnosis:
- McMaster egg count
- Necropsy (eggs & red haemorrhagic surface of abomasum)
- FAMCHA (assesses degree of anaemia)

Treatment:
- Benzimidazoles
- Levamisole

Importance:
- warm & dry climates
- resistant to anthelmintics
- eggs very hardy
- spring rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe trichostrongylus Axei

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Treatment

A

Type: nematode

Species: ruminants, horses grazed with cattle

Location: abomasum

clinical signs:
- reduced appetite
- diarrhoea
- hypoalbuminaemia
- severse gastroenteritis

Treatment:
- Avermectins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Teladorsagia circumcinta

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep

Location: abomasum

clinical signs:
- weight loss
- decreased coat production
- death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Nematodirus battus

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Importance
Prevention

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- weight loss
- diarrhoea
- dehydration (developing larvae damage villi & erode mucosa)
- sudden death in recently weaned lambs

Importance:
- usually seen in May/June
- Infection associated with recently weaned lambs

Prevention:
- consider weather when forecasting problems
- dose ewes prior to lambing
- rotational grazing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Trichostrongylus Colubriformis

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep, cows

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- diarrhoea
- parasitic gastroenteritis
- enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (may cause Bottle jaw)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Cooperia Punctata

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep, cows

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- diarrhoea
- anorexia
- emaciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Toxocaris Leonina

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Type: nematode

Species: cats & dogs (common in kennels)

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe Eimeria Spp.

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Treatment & management
Diagnosis

A

Type: coccidia

Species: sheep, cows

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- adults are asymptomatic sources of infection to young animals
- diarrhoea
- dehydration
- poor growth
- death

Treatment & management:
- ciccidiostats, coccidiocides
- biosecurity
- disinfection
- rotation of pasture
- ensure colostrum intake

Diagnosis:
- look for oocytes in faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe Trichuris Ovis (whipworm)

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep & cattle

Location: large intestine

clinical signs:
- rectal prolapse
- anaemia
- affects young animals

Diagnosis:
- faecal flotation
- complete blood count
- endoscopy
- necropsy

Treatment:
- benzimidazoles
- Levamisole
- cleaning & disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Oesophagostomum Columbianum

Type
Species
Location
clinical signs
Treatment
Morphology

A

Type: nematode

Species: sheep, cows

Location: large intestine

clinical signs:
- heavy infection causes severe disease in lambs
* failure to thrive
* scouring
* weakness
& loss of production
- calves:
* anorexia
* weight loss
* diarrhoea
* anaemia

Treatment:
- Levamisole
- Triclabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Fasciola Hepatica

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: trematode

Species: sheep, cows

Location: liver

clinical signs:
- acute: liver damage including haemorrhage
- sub-acute: poor BCS, poor fleece, depression, inappetence, unable to stand
- chronic: very poor BCS, bottle jaw, death during lambing

Diagnosis:
- faecal egg count

Treatment & management:
- Triclabendazole
- isolate & treat animals
- fence off wet areas
- increase soil drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Fascioloides Magna

Type
Species
Location
Diagnosis
Treatment

A

Type: trematode

Species: Deer!, sheep, goats, cattle, camelids

Location: liver

Diagnosis:
- McMaster
- necropsy
- ELISA

Treatment:
- Triclabendazole
- Albendazole
- Levamisole
- Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Fasciola Gigantica

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle

A

Type: trematode

Species: buffalo

Location: liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Dicroceolium Dendriticum

Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Species: sheep, cows

Location: liver

clinical signs:
- anaemia
- oedema
- liver fibrosis
- hepatic damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Cysticercus Tenuicollis

Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs

A

Species: sheep (cystic stage) (adults in dogs)

Location: liver

clinical signs:
- depression & weakness
- liver damage & peritonitis (young animals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Ostertagia Ostertagi

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: nematode

Species: Cows

Location: abomasum

clinical signs:
- gastric glands destroyed (cobblestone lesions)
- HCl not produced –> maldigestion, constipation
- bottle jaw
- anaemia
- weight loss

Diagnosis:
- McMaster
- Faecal egg count
- necropsy

Treatment & management:
- Ivermectin
- frequent drenching around calving & during 1st grazing season
- lower stock density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe Taenia Saginata

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: Cestode

Species: cows (intermediate host), humans (final host)

Location: small intestine

Diagnosis:
- Faecal egg counts

Treatment & management:
- Praziquantel
- cook meat thoroughly
- meat inspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Cryptosporidium spp.

Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Species: humans (zoonotic), calves, lambs, goats

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- diarrhoea

Diagnosis:
- microscopy
- ELISA
- oocytes in environment

Treatment & management:
- no treatment
- clean troughs & feeders
- isolate & treat infected animals with anti-cryptosoridial drugs & supportive treatment to manage dehydration
- good hygiene
- biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Oesophagostomum Radiatum

Type
Species
Location
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: nematode

Species: cows

Location: large intestine

clinical signs:
- young animals:
* severe
* anorexia
* anaemia
* oedema
* dark diarrhoea (blood)
* weight loss
* death
- adults:
* strong protective immunity causes nodule formation which form granulomas

Diagnosis:
- eggs in faeces
- necropsy (nodules seen)

Treatment & management:
- common wormers (e.g. Oxfendazole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Oesophagostomum Dentatum & O. Quadrisppinulatum

Type
Species
Location
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: nematode

Species: pigs

Location: large intestine

clinical signs:
- weight loss
- oedema (pot belly)

Diagnosis:
- FEC
- nodules on necropsy

Treatment & management:
- Ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe O. venulosum
species
clinical signs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe Gasterophilus spp.

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management
L3 characteristics

A

Type: arthropod

Species: horses

Location: stomach

Clinical signs:
- rarely cause disease
- mild chronic gastritis
- poor performance & colic
- associated with ulcers

Diagnosis:
- gastroscopy

Treatment & management:
- bot knife/topical insecticide to remove eggs from legs
- wormers (Ivermectin & Moxidecin)

L3 characteristics:
- 2cm, cylindrical rows of spikes
- mouthpieces have 2 strong hooks –> damage mucosa
- pupae killed by frost & moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe Habronema spp.

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment & management

A

Type: nematode

Species: horse

Location: stomach

clinical signs:
- summer sores
- conjunctivitis

Diagnosis:
- gastroscopy

Treatment & management:
- fly control & much heap management
- regular mucking out
- cover wounds
- treat ocular discharge
- routine worming (Avermectins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe Parascaris Equorum

Type
Species
Location
Lifecycle
clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

A

Type: ascarid

Species: horse

Location: small intestine

clinical signs:
- coughing + nasal discharge
- poor coat
- weight loss
- dull
anorexic
- disorders of bone & tendon (parasites consume Ca, P, Zn & Cu)

Diagnosis:
- repeated FEC
- endoscope to duodenum
- tracheal wash

Treatment:
- Benzimidazoles

Prevention:
- deworm mares before foaling
- regular stall cleaning
- young animal paddock rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe Strongyloides Westeri Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse (mainly foals) Location: small intestine clinical signs: - diarrhoea Diagnosis: - FEC Treatment & management: - poo picking, good hygiene - anthelmintics on day of parturition * Benzimidazoles & Avermectins
26
Describe Anoplocephala Perfoliata Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: cestode Species: horse Location: small intestine clinical signs: - colic - motility disorders - diarrhoea Diagnosis: - serology + ELISA Treatment & management: - Pyrantel - Praziquantel
27
Describe Oxyuris Equi Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - itching/scratching against hard objects --> severe anal pruritus Diagnosis: - eggs collected via sellotape on bum Treatment & management: - all anthelmintics effective - topical anti-inflammation for pruritus - stable hygiene
28
Describe Strongylus Edentatus Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - colic due to liver disease/peritonitis Diagnosis: - May be able to palpate thrombi in cranial mesenteric a. rectally Treatment & management: - Benzimidazoles & avermectins (larvae & adults) - Pyrantel (adults) - very sensitive to ivermectin - avoid overgrazing - rotate pasture & pick up faeces
29
Describe Strongylus Equinus Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - mild colic Diagnosis: - May be able to palpate thrombi in cranial mesenteric a. rectally Treatment & management: - Benzimidazoles & avermectins (larvae & adults) - Pyrantel (adults) - very sensitive to ivermectin - avoid overgrazing - rotate pasture & pick up faeces
30
Describe Strongylus Vulgaris Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - Verminous arteritis & surgical colic - ischaemia, anorexia - fatal - formation of thrombi can cause lameness & poor performance Diagnosis: - May be able to palpate thrombi in cranial mesenteric a. rectally Treatment & management: - Benzimidazoles & avermectins (larvae & adults) - Pyrantel (adults) - very sensitive to ivermectin - avoid overgrazing - rotate pasture & pick up faeces
31
Describe Cyathostomes Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: horse Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - severe acute colic - weight loss - diarrhoea - death Treatment & management: - larvae unaffected by anthelmintics - intensive care for animals with acute Cyathostomes * steroids Moxidexin, Ivermectin & fenbendazole - poo-picking - separate horses by age - rotate pasture
32
Describe Toxocara canis & cati Type Species Location Lifecycle
Type: nematode Species: dogs & cats Location: small intestine
33
Describe Ancylostoma Caninum & A. Tubaformae Type Species Location Lifecycle
Type: nematode Species: dogs & cats Location: small intestine
34
Describe Uncinaria Stenocephala Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs
Type: nematode Species: dogs Location: small intestine clinical signs: - rare - diarrhoea - dermatitis
35
Describe Taenia Spp. Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs
Type: cestode Species: cats & dogs Location: small intestine clinical signs: - perineal irritation - licking, chewing - scooting - "rice grains" in faeces
36
What are the intermediate hosts in the following & what structures do they affect: T. ovis T. multiceps T. Hydatigena T. serialis T. Pisiformis
37
Describe Dipylidium Caninum Type Species Location Lifecycle
Type: cestode Species: dog & cat Location: small intestine
38
Describe Heterophyes Heterophyes Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs
Type: trematode Species: dog, cat, human, bird - infection via contaminated fish Location: small intestine clinical signs: - anaemia
39
Describe Neospora Caninum Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Prevention
Type: protozoa Species: dogs - cattle intermediate host Location: small intestine clinical signs: - usually asymptomatic - muscle/neurological disease associated with tissue cysts - abortion in cattle Diagnosis: - necropsy of foetus (cattle abortion) - PCR Prevention: - don't allow dog to eat placenta/raw beef or poo in fields
40
Describe trichuris Vulpis Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment
Type: nematode Species: dogs, humans, sheep Location: large intestine clinical signs: - Inflammatory bowel disease (humans) - death Diagnosis: - FEC - necropsy Treatment: - fenbendazole
41
Describe Capillaria Hepatica Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis
Type: nematode Species: brown rats!, cats, horses, rabbits, mice, humans - reservoir: rodents & Lagomorphs - transport host: dogs Location: liver clinical signs: - hepatomegaly/fibrosis Diagnosis: - adults/eggs in liver tissue at biopsy/necropsy
42
Describe Enchinococcus spp. Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: cestode Species: dogs - humans & sheep are intermediate hosts Location: liver clinical signs: - none Diagnosis: - ELISA - adults flushed from intestine - MRI & CT in humans Treatment & management: - dogs: * praziquantel * reduce sheep carcass contact * don't allow dog to lick your face - humans: * no effective treatment apart from removing cyst * course of Albendazole
43
Describe Echinococcus Multilocularis Type Species Location clinical signs Treatment
Type: cestode Species: Dogs, cats, fox - rodents intermediate host Location: liver clinical signs: - cysts Treatment: - Praziquantel
44
Describe Toxoplasma Gondii Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment & management
Type: protozoa Species: cats Location: small intestine clinical signs: - abortion - neurological disease - chronic inflammation - eye lesions Treatment & management: - vaccine for sheep - Pregnant humans: avoid litter trays, lambing sheep & cook meat thoroughly when
45
Describe Opisthorchis spp. Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment
Type: trematode Species: cats!, dogs, humans Location: liver clinical signs: - abdominal pain - diarrhoea or constipation Diagnosis: - eggs in faeces via McMaster - plasma enzymes - necropsy - ELISA Treatment: - common Flukicides (Triclbendazole, Albendazole, Levamisole, Praziquantel)
46
Describe Ascaris Suum Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: pig Location: small intestine clinical signs: - milk spots on liver - fibrosis - liver & intestine condemned - secondary infections - coughing (due to migration to heart & lungs) Diagnosis: - FEC via McMaster - necropsy Treatment & management: - Anthelmintics (Avermectins & Benzimidazoles) - regular pen cleaning, stock density - faecal screen every 6 months
47
Describe Taenia Solium Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs
Type: cestode Species: - final host = humans - intermediate host = pig, wild boar Location: small intestine clinical signs in humans: - vision impairment/blindness - seizures - death - neurological deficits
48
Describe Strongyloides Ransomi Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment & management
Type: nematode Species: pigs Location: small intestine clinical signs in piglets: - joint pain - coughing - bloody diarrhoea - anaemia - failure to thrive - death Treatment & management: - clean, dry farrowing house - outdoor pigs: Ivermectin before farrowing - indoor/outdoor pigs: fenbendazole before farrowing
49
Describe Isospora Suis Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment
Type: coccidian Species: pigs Location: small intestine clinical signs: - diarrhoea - neonatal coccidiosis - decreased growth rate - pigs become hairy Treatment: - Baycox 5% (Toltrazuril)
50
Describe Trichuris Suis Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment
Type: nematode Species: pigs Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs piglets: - weight loss - bloody diarrhoea - anaemia - light infection in adults is usually severe * bloody, muco-haemorrhagic colitis, leading to pseudonecrotic membranes (thickened intestine) Treatment: - Benzimidazoles/levamisole - thorough cleaning & disinfection
51
Describe Oesophogostomum spp. Type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Diagnosis Treatment
Type: nematode Species: pigs Location: large intestine/caecum clinical signs: - only in heavy infection - weight loss - oedema Diagnosis: - FEC - nodules on necropsy Treatment: - Ivermectin
52
Describe Trichostrongylus Tenuis type Species Location Lifecycle clinical signs Treatment
Type: nematode Species: chickens, guinea fowl, pheasant, Red Grouse etc. Location: small intestine clinical signs: - chicks very susceptible - sudden death in young birds Control: - Fenbendazole incorporated into grit
53
Describe Ascarid spp. Type Species Location
Type: nematode Species: poultry Location: small intestine
54
Describe Capillaria spp. C. Obsignata, C. caudinflata, C. Contorta species, location & lifecycle
55
Name poultry tapeworms & location
Amoebotaenia Sphenoides - small intestine Choanotaenia Infundibulum - small intestine Davainea proglottina - duodenum Diphyllobothrium latum
56
Describe Trichomonas Gallinae species clinical signs
57
Describe Spironucleus spp. Location Species clinical signs control treatment
58
Describe Histomonas Meleagridis Species clinical signs diagnosis treatment
59
Describe Eimera & Isospora spp. Type clinical signs treatment
60
Label the cestode
61
Define hypobiosis
arrested stage of development in some larvae
62
Name examples of parasites in which hypobiosis can occur
Ostertagia ostertagi Teladorsagia circumcinta Cooperia species Haemonchus contortus
63
What triggers hypobiosis
Temperature & moisture (seasonal)
64
Why do some parasites undergo hypobiosis
65
66
What is Baermann's technique
67
What species is this (use larval identification key - jorge just text me for it)
68
What species is this (use larval identification key - jorge just text me for it)
69
What species is this (use larval identification key - jorge just text me for it)
70
What species is this (use larval identification key - jorge just text me for it)
71
What species is this (use larval identification key - jorge just text me for it)
72
Describe direct faecal smear
73
Describe faecal sedimentation
74
Describe simple faecal flotation
75
Describe quantitative faecal flotation
76
Describe larval culture
77
Describe McMaster egg counting

Leah GIL (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions