week 7 Flashcards by Vickey Mathis

What is urine alkalization?

combats systemic acidosis

- stones are prevented from forming in alkaline urine (oxalate, cysteine, and urate uroliths)

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System ____ becomes a major component of renal failure

acidosis

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What kind of therapy can be done that is against acidosis?

adding buffers

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What is an alkaline precursor?

Lactated Ringers because it contains sodium lactate

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gluconates (granular powdery salt) and lactates are?

biocarbonates

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How can you stop the progression of nephron death?

control of inflammation in the nephrons
limit quantity of protein but increase protein BV
provide high energy denisty and high intake of N-3 FA’s (fish oils: krill oil; flaxseed oils
Strictly limit phosphorus intake; reduce control sodium
control acidemia

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What should the specific gravity for urine be in dogs?

1060

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What should the specific gravity for urine be in cats?

1070

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What % is renal failure?

66%

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What is the objective of using very high levels of N-3 Omega fatty acids in the ongoing management of chronic progression of renal disease?

to inhibit inflammation

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What does it mean to take renal “workload” to a bare minimum?

highly restricted nitrogen and phosphorus intakes (systemic alkalization)
control nucleic acids
food is adjunctive to other medical therapy
(insufficiency failure - kidney)

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What breed is susceptible to chronic cholangiohepatitis?

Dobermans

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What is cholangiohepatitis?

inflammation of the liver - begins to scar

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What breed is susceptible to Copper Storage hepatopathy?

Belington Terrier

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What is the human equivalent to Copper storage hepatopathy?

Wilson’s Disease

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What is a multimodal approach to arthrosis (also known as osteoarthritis, is a joint disease caused by chronic wear of cartilage?

exercise
physical therapy
antiinflammatory drug
weight loss can help

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What are some ways to help obesity?

weight loss
prevention of weight re-gain
realistic, scientifically sound feeding programs
foods and rate of loss profiles
client education

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What are some ways to motivate clients to help their pet lose weight?

show they a pound of lard (1 lb. of fat - 3500 calories)

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Weight loss calculators?

body composition scoring
x-ray technique
BMI scale

What is a good weight loss plan?

old weight - desired weight = lbs to lose?
how many calories to lose if 1 lb of fat = 3500 Kcal?
old weight = 94 lbs
Desired weight = 80 lbs
14 lbs x 3500 = 49,000 Kcal ME

How do you find new caloric number?

RER @ desired weight = Kcal per day to feed
ex: RER for 36 Kilograms = 30 (36) + 70 = 1080
Pick a food and obtain caloric denisity for food dose
Calories/Caloric density = Volume to feed
Move to feeding multiple times per day if possible
Reason: Thermic Effect of Digestion
Calories to lose/calorie deficit per day = days to goal

What does it mean when they say to use weight loss foods?

reduce calories without reducing nutrients or nutrition - emphasize higher protein and fiber intake along with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and i-carnitine

What are some science diet weight loss foods?

m/d, r/d`

What is a science diet food that helps with post loss calorie control?

w/d - formulated with insoluble bran

What breed has a weight control problem which owner's need to watch?

Corgi's

What is metabolic management?

Pre diabetes (metabolic syndrom) or diabetes Strategies to control CHO's and bursts of blodd glucose Glycemic Index - how quickly a food releases surgars Glycemic load liver - How much CHO/s from a meal

What is the glycemic Index?

how quickly a food releases surgars

What is Glycemic load liver?

How much CHO/s from a meal

What science prescription diet is for diabetes?

w/d

In diabetic situations the objective is ___ % of calories from protein. Strict ____ control and low ____ index. Stability and ____ of daily calorie intake.

high CHO - (CHO group: 60% of energy as carbohydrates, 12% protein, 28% fat) glycemic predictability

What does non-allergenic mean?

proteins are hydrolyzed (broken down chemically) to such an extent that peptides and amino acids are available Any intact, potentially immunogenic proteins are not present Therefore, antigenicity cannot occur

What are the are the top offenders in K9 food intolerance?

dairy, wheat (pollen), and soy

In allergen ID what works best blood testing or skin testing?

skin testing

When testing for allergens with food, how long should you try the food to test for allergens?

when suspecting food sensitivities- transition to new food source and feed new diet exclusively for 6 weeks - document progress

A leision scale does what?

measures the size of the leision

What is novel protein?

a changed, but intact protein from the common meats, grains, and vegetables (Concept: immune system is naive to new antigens)

What are limited ingredients?

highly restricted sources of novel but intact proteins sources

What does it mean that protein hydrolysis creates hydrolysates?

a process to "tear down" intact proteins into fragments that eliminate or reduce antigenicity (peptides and AA's aren't recognized antigens) - cannot be immunogenic

What is a dalton?

chemists way of describing weight of intact protein

Feline hyperthyroidism?

Iodine 131 radioactive Isotype | y/d

What are some nutritionally related issues in cancer patients?

alterations in smell or taste, constipation, anorexia or decreased appetite, food aversions, and nausea and vomiting Also stomatitis, glossitis,and pharyngitis

Tumor cells like?

carbs

What are some objectives during Cancer Rx?

avoid excess carbs, high proportion of energy from fats (Omega6:Omega 3 as close to 1:1 as possibe, DHA and EPA are items to look for, Hi quality protein at 40% of ME with supplemental arginine

Food for cancer patients?

n/d

What is h/d used for?

extreme salt restriction with enhanced carnitine and taurine | designed to help with toxicity of concurrent chemotherapy

What is u/d?

ultra low purine and ultra low nucleic acids