Week 7

Question 1

What are the 4 components of the cardiac conduction

Answer 1

SA node
AV node
AV bundle
Purkinje fibers

Question 2

Define cardiac output

Answer 2

• Expresses the amount of blood pumped by the heart during a 1 min period
  
  • Reflects the functional capacity of the CV system

Question 3

Cardiac output equation

Answer 3

Cardiac output (Q) = Heart rate (HR) x Stroke volume (SV)

Question 4

3 methods to asses cardiac output

Answer 4

1. Direct Fick
   
   2. Indicator dilution
   3. CO2 rebreathing

Question 5

Define Direct Fick Method

Answer 5

VO2 is measured by comparing an inhaled oxygen volume with an exhaled oxygen volume

Question 6

Indicator dilution method

Answer 6

Dye is injected into the bloodstream then the duration of how long it takes to circulate is observed

Question 7

Indicator dilution method equation

Answer 7

Cardiac output = amount of dye injeceted / average dye concentration in blood X duration of curve

Question 8

Define end-diastolic volume

Answer 8

Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastolic

Question 9

Average cardiac output at rest for female and male

Answer 9

5L = Male 
4L = female

Question 10

Average HR rest and SV for untrained and trained

Answer 10

• Avg untrained: HR rest = 70bpm, SV = 60-70 ml/beat

- Avg endurance athlete: HR rest = 50bpm, SV = 100ml/beat

Question 11

Define mitral stenosis

Answer 11

Disorder in which the mitral valve does not fully open. Restricts blood flow

Question 12

Define cardiovascular drift

Answer 12

Cardiac drift can be defined as the upward drift of heart rate over time, coupled with a progressive decline in stroke volume and the continued maintenance of cardiac output

Question 13

Arterial blood carries x? mL of 02 per liter

Answer 13

200