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LQB201 Microbiology and Infection Control for Podiatrists (QUT) > Week 7 - Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Week 7 - Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of the adaptive immune response

A

Specificity
Diversity
Memory
Self: non-self discrimination

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2
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Is mediated by B-lymphocytes and antibody associated with blood and body fluids
Targeting exogenous antigens produced by extracellular pathogens

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3
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

Is mediated by t-lymphocytes targeting endogenous antigens in the intracellular space
Targeting viral infections and tumour cells

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4
Q

Active immunity

A

develops when host immune stystem generates the immune response to antigen challenge, it creates an immunological memory

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5
Q

Passive immunity

A

occurs when individuals receive preformed antibodies (artificially acquired) or from mother to child.
It only provides short term protection

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6
Q

What are the five major classes of antibodies

A

IgD, IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA

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7
Q

IgG

A

Persists for moths to years and is responsible for long term protection

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8
Q

IgM

A

First type of antibody produced after primary antigenic stimulation. Only lasts for short periods (weeks to months)

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9
Q

IgA

A

Found primarily in mucosal surfaces protection from invading pathogens

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10
Q

IgD

A

Present on the surface of B-cells and functions as an antigen receptor

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11
Q

IgE

A

Is involved in immunity to the helminth infections and allergic reactions

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12
Q

CD4+ T lymphocytes

A

T-helper cells - coach and trailer the immune response to a particular pathogen
They differentiate into distinct subtypes distinguished by the cytokines they produce

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13
Q

CD8+ T lymphocytes

A

Cytotoxic T cells - directly kill cells with viruses and intracellular bacteria and eliminate tumour cells

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14
Q

Mechanisms of CD8+

A

Granzyme - mediated killing
Fas-FasL - mediated killing

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15
Q

Primary immunodeficiency

A

Occurs when a part of the immune system is missing or functioning abnormally as a result of genetic change

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16
Q

Secondary immunodeficiency

A

Occurs as a result of infectious agents toxins or drugs

17
Q

Examples of secondary immunodeficiency

A

HIV, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, leukaemia

18
Q

Secondary immunodeficiency can be caused by

A

Acquired infections
Chronic diseases
Immunosuppressive therapy
Altered host physiology

19
Q

Basic types of vaccines

A

Inactivated or killed
Live attenuated
Subunit
Toxoid

20
Q

Inactivated or killed vaccines

A

Does not replicate in host - polio, influenza A, hepatitis A

21
Q

Live attenuated vaccine

A

Replicates in host and stimulates immunity by does not cause disease - chicken pox, tuberculosis, measles, mumps, rubella

22
Q

Subunit vaccine

A

Contains parts of microorganisms that are known to stimulate immunity - Hep B , Hib

23
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A

Inactivated bacterial toxin that does not cause disease but stimulates immunity - diphtheria and tetanus

24
Q

Immunological hypersensitivity reactions

A

Environmental substances
Infectious agents
Self antigens

25
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity type 1

A

Allergy - mediated via mast cell degranulation and eosinophils in the innate immune system and IgE in the adaptive immune system

26
Q

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity type 2

A

Cell bound antigen - mediated by complement and phagocytic cells in the innate immune system and IgG in the adaptive
Immediate

27
Q

Immune complex disease (type 3)

A

Mediated by complement and neutrophils in the innate immune system and IgG in adaptive
Occurs within hours

28
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity

A

Mediated via macrophages in the innate and T-lymphocytes in the adaptive
Onset 2-3days prior to exposure

29
Q

What is the primary cause for autoimmune disease

A

Specificity for self-antigen

LQB201 Microbiology and Infection Control for Podiatrists (QUT) (11 decks)

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