Week 7 - Circulation

Question 1

Base of the heart is

Answer 1

the top

Question 2

Apex of the heart is

Answer 2

the bottom - 5th intercostal space

Question 3

Point of Maximal Impulse

Answer 3

Apex - because it touches the chest wall

Question 4

Vein Characteristics

Answer 4

• low pressure
• use valves/muscles (to move blood)
• deoxy blood except for in pulmonary circuit

Question 5

Artery Characteristics

Answer 5

• high pressure
• oxy blood except in pulmonary circuit
• Aorta is largest in body

Question 6

Aneurysm

Answer 6

• a weak spot in the vessel which can rupture
• a bulge that can burst (dissection)

Causes
- unhealthy behaviours
- Hypertension
- smoking
- atherosclerosis
- high cholesterol

Question 7

Coronary Sinus

Answer 7

is in the right atrium, is where de-oxy blood enters the right atrium from the myocardium

Question 8

Coronary Arteries

Answer 8

• in the left aorta feed the myocardium during diastole
• after pumping blood out through the aorta, what is left over in top arch of aorta drops back down towards heart due to gravity. These arteries (located just above the semilunar valve) collect the blood and take it to the muscles of the heart

Question 9

which ventricle is largest/strongest?

Answer 9

Left ventricle - pumps into systemic circulation (the body)

Question 10

What controls/impacts heart beat?

Answer 10

Heart beats are controlled by the pacer (SA node) but can be impacted by the medulla oblongata (ANS control)

Question 11

Atrial Kick

Answer 11

is the atrial contraction that occurs to help fill the ventricles

Question 12

Lub

Answer 12

• S1
• AV closure
• End of diastole

Question 13

Dub

Answer 13

• S2
• Semilunar valve closure
• End of Systole

Question 14

Atrioventricular Valves (S_)

Answer 14

S1
- tricuspid
- mitral

Question 15

Semilunar Valves (S_)

Answer 15

S2
- pulmonic
- aortic

Question 16

Valves are repaired/replaced with:

Answer 16

Mechanical or biological

Question 17

Mechanical Valve Repair

Answer 17

carbon and metal
lasts 20-30yrs, blood thinners

Question 18

Biological Valve Repair

Answer 18

human donor (rare)
lasts 10-15yrs
often do not need blood thinner
typically cow tiss around heart or pig valve

Question 19

Aortic Valve - Repaired or Replaced

Answer 19

Repair

Question 20

Mitral Valve - Repaired or Replaced

Answer 20

Replaced

Question 21

Myocardial pump

Answer 21

moves O2, nutrients, and other substances while eliminating wastes

Question 22

Myocardial Blood Flow

Answer 22

Vena Cava
RV
RA
Lungs
LA
LV
Body

Question 23

Diastole

Answer 23

ventricles relax and filling
120

Question 24

Systole

Answer 24

ventricles contract and empty

Question 25

Normal Diastole/Systole

Answer 25

120-139/80-89

Question 26

Pulse Pressure

Answer 26

difference between systolic and diastolic - 30-50

Question 27

Starlings Law

Answer 27

the stretch ability of the heart - says that when the muscle stretches there is going to be increased strength in the contraction - this rule does not apply with heart disease leading to ineffective ventricular ejection and pooling or back-up

Question 28

What happens with low BP

Answer 28

Sympathetic vasoconstriction increased CO

Question 29

What happens with high BP

Answer 29

Parasympathetic (Vagus) vasodilation decreased CO

Question 30

Endo

Answer 30

within or inner

Question 31

Epi

Answer 31

above or surrounding

Question 32

Myo

Answer 32

muscle

Question 33

Cardium

Answer 33

cardiac

Question 34

Endocardium

Answer 34

- regulates contractions, is smooth and non-adherent for blood flow - also an elastic layer to help with contractions and a connective layer to attach to the muscle

Question 35

Epicardium

Answer 35

- CT and fat: heart anchor and extra protection - **coronary arteries are situated here*** - innermost lay of the pericardium or visceral (closer to organ)

Question 36

Myocardium

Answer 36

- contractions, this is where the **coronary artery innervates to feed the heart muscle with O2** - told by the pacemaker to contract

Question 37

Blood stem cell

Answer 37

an immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

Question 38

Albumin

Answer 38

- produced by the **liver** - helps to keep fluid in the vascular system - major part of the protein in our blood - prevents blood from seeping out of vessels

Question 39

Lymphatic Sys

Answer 39

helps to absorb fats, and any extra fluids that may leak out of the cardiovasc sys

Question 40

megaly

Answer 40

irregular enlargement