Wk 8 - Oxygenation

Question 1

Erythropoiesis

Answer 1

1. Kidneys
   - senses hypoxia
   - releases erythropoietin
2. Bone Marrow - erythropoiesis
3. RBC are used - 120 days
4. Liver breaks them down
5. Bile is excreted via Intestine

Question 2

what nutrition is important for erythropoiesis?

Answer 2

• Support RBC & HGB development- Fe, B12, Folic Acid
• To support bone health- Ca, Vit D

Question 3

What carries O2?

Answer 3

RBCs

Question 4

Anemia

Answer 4

Low RBCs

Question 5

Acute Anemia

Answer 5

occurs when there is an abrupt drop in RBCs, most often by hemolysis (ie- blood reaction, some infections) oracutehemorrhage

Question 6

Chronic Anemia

Answer 6

is generally a gradual decline in RBCs, and causes include iron or other nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases (kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, inflammatory diseases), drug-induced, and Sickle-cell (RBC is odd shape due to ineffective HGB and there is increased hemolysis= low RBC).

Question 7

Functions of Resp Sys.?

Answer 7

• smell
• speech (in larynx/voice box)
• gas exchange
• ventilation

Question 8

Resp. Centre in Brain

Answer 8

Pons/Medulla
Automatic

Question 9

Chemoreceptors detect

Answer 9

CO2 in Central
O2 in Peripheral

Question 10

Inspiration is

Answer 10

active- based on chemical receptors in aorta.

Question 11

Expiration is

Answer 11

passive- using lungs elastic recoil

Question 12

Prefix Meanings
- Tachy
- Brady
- A
- Eu

Answer 12

Tachy = too fast

Brady = too slow

A = absent/not

Eu = normal

Question 13

Suffix Meaning
- Pnea

Answer 13

Pnea = breathing

Question 14

Running down the hall is example of

Answer 14

Tachypnea

Question 15

Severe acute pain is example of

Answer 15

Tachypnea

Question 16

COPD Exacerbation is example of

Answer 16

Tachypnea

Question 17

Resp. depression from narcotics is example of

Answer 17

Bradypnea

Question 18

Use of a CPAP machine is example of

Answer 18

Apnea

Question 19

Respiratory Arrest is example of

Answer 19

Apnea

Question 20

Sleeping is example of

Answer 20

Eupnea

Question 21

Hyperventilation

Answer 21

• increased ventilation
• eliminated more CO2

Question 22

Hyperventilation Cause (22)

Question 23

Hyperventilation leads to (22)

Question 24

Hypoventilation/Hypoxia (all parts) (22)

Question 25

Older adults have increased risk of getting

Answer 25

respiratory infections

Question 26

Lifestyle Factors that affect Oxygenation

Answer 26

- **Increased weight** = decreased lung expansion, - **Lacking nutrients** = increase muscle wasting & increase CVS related health risks, - **Lack of exercise** = less effective cardiopulmonary system, - **Smoking** = leading cause of cancer death in Canada, - **Substance abuse** is often associated with poor nutrition and can decrease the respiratory center, - **Stress** = increases metabolic needs.

Question 27

Environmental Conditions that affect Oxygenation

Answer 27

- Smog - Occupational pollutants (asbestos, dust) - Temperature - Altitude

Question 28

What is COPD

Answer 28

- Chronic lung disease - Focus on symptom management - Typically diagnosed over 40yrs **Umbrella term** - Emphysema - Chronic bronchitis

Question 29

What might **wheezes** in lungs sounds mean?

Answer 29

Narrowed Airways - Asthma - COPD

Question 30

What might **crackles** in lungs sounds mean?

Answer 30

Fluid - COPD - HF

Question 31

What might **diminished breath sounds** in lungs sounds mean?

Answer 31

COPD

Question 32

What might **absence of breath sounds** in lungs sounds mean?

Answer 32

Air - **pneumothorax** No lung - **lobectomy, pneumonectomy**