Week 7 - Resistance & Core Training Flashcards
(32 cards)
Define resistance training
Working skeletal muscles vs a load over a short period of time when we repeat that at sufficient freq.
What % of growth in strength might a novice expect after resistance training
40%
What % of growth in strength might an athlete expect after resistance training
2%
Define a sarcomere
Contractile unit of muscle
Which is the thick filament
Myosin
Actin
Thin filaments
On which troponin + tropomyosin can be found
Tropomyosin
Covers actins AS = Preventing contraction.
— Each has a Ca2+ binding mol. Attached to it called troponin.
What is a tropomyosin complex made of
Troponin T
Troponin C
Troponin I
Muscular contraction
AP activated, Ca2+ release from SR.
Ca2+ floods into sarcoplasm where it binds to troponin complex. — Binding onto troponin C, acting on I then translocating to T.
== Allows tropomyosin protein to move + expose myosin head binding site.
Cross bridge has detached, allowing ATP to bind to myosin head where ATPase enzyme hydrolyses ATP to ADP.
== Energy released “cocks” the myosin head. == Pointing away from M line into an extended high energy position. BUT, ADP + Pi are still attached.
Cocked myosin head binds to AS on actin mol. = Crossbridge.
Pi Is released = allowing bond to become stronger.
Myosin head then releases ADP which bends the myosin head. == POWER STROKE = Shortening the muscle.
Henneman’s Size Principle
Fibres are recruited in order of size.
Slow twitch / Type 1 fibres 1st.
Moving towards type 2 as demand ⬆️
On the force velocity curve, what type of contraction happens at a velocity of 0
Isometric contraction
On the force velocity curve, what does faster velocity mean
Less force. — Due to less time to form cross bridges.
On the force velocity curve, why does the muscle lengthen on the left side of the graph?
Left side of graph = When load applied is greater than the isometric strength. = Fibre begins to lengthen.
On the force velocity curve, what does it mean if load is high
Velocity will ⬆️, so does the force in terms of a lengthening contraction.
== Due to elastic comp. w/in musculature.
What is the graph called that displays length tension relationship in the muscle
Active Tension Curve
Left side of active tension curve / length tension relationship
Muscle that’s too short.
= nowhere for sliding filaments to go because Z lines have been compacted.
Right side of active tension curve / length tension relationship
Muscle that’s too long
= Not seeing myosin + actin overlap to allow cross bridges to form.
Middle of active tension curve / length tension relationship
Normal resting length of muscle (middle) = Due to having biggest ability to form cross bridges to prod. Force or tension.
Muscular adapt from resistance training
Hypertrophy = ⬆️ fibre size
Hyperplasia (less common in humans)
Fibre type transitions — Type 2b to Type 2a. — Due to wanting to produce more force over time rather than pure speed.
What is hyperplasia
⬆️ no. of fibres
Neural adapt from resistance training
⬆️ signals from brain to muscle a.k.a neural drive
Faster signals
⬆️ recruitment, firing rate + synch. Of contractile elements
Change in reflex circuity - known as muscle spindles or Golgi tendon organs.
Core strength
Ability of core muscles to generate + maintain force.
Core stability
Ability of passive + active stabilisers in the lumbopelvic region to maintain appropriate trunk + hip posture, balance + control during both static + dynamic movement.
What are the functions of the core
Locomotion (straight-line + multidirectional)
Standing
