Week 7 - Tuesday

Question 1

Spinal cord functions

Answer 1

two way conduction pathway (to and from the brain)
contains motor and sensory neurons

Question 2

LMN lesion

Answer 2

Lower motor neurons
affects nerve fibers traveling to relevant nerves via anterior horn or motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 3

UMN Lesions

Answer 3

Upper motor neurons
where most spinal cord injuries occur
occurs in neural pathway above anterior horn cell of spinal cord

Question 4

where is the injury/condition if UMN and LMN is affected?

Answer 4

spinal cord and adjacent spinal root involvement
tumor or big cut at the spine

Question 5

Quadriplegia/tetraplegia

Answer 5

partial or total loss of all 4 limbs and torso
C1-C7
loss of sensory and motor

Question 6

Triplegia

Answer 6

partial or total loss of use of 3 limbs
usually both legs and one arm

Question 7

Paraplegia

Answer 7

partial or total loss use of lower extremities
torso may be involved

Question 8

Monoplegia

Answer 8

partial or total loss of use of one limb (usually arm)

Question 9

Hemiplegia

Answer 9

Up to full paralysis of one side of body
may have trouble speaking or breathing

Question 10

Diplegia

Answer 10

Stiffness, weakness or lack of mobility in muscle groups on both sides of body

Question 11

ASIA A: Complete

Answer 11

no motor or sensory function is preserved in S4-S5

Question 12

ASIA B: Incomplete

Answer 12

sensory is preserved below neurological level and includes sacral segments
motor function is not preserved

Question 13

ASIA C: Incomplete

Answer 13

motor function is preserved below the neurological level

Question 14

ASIA D: Incomplete

Answer 14

motor function is preserved with muscle grade > 3

Question 15

ASIA E

Answer 15

normal

Question 16

SCI Syndromes

Answer 16

Central cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Anterior Cord Syndrome
Posterior Cord Syndrome
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome (Not considered a true SCI b/c it is nerves)

Question 17

Which is the most common SCI Syndrome

Answer 17

Central Cord Syndrome

Question 18

Central Cord Syndrome

Answer 18

Usually occurs in cervical spine
greater involvement of the UEs than the LEs

Question 19

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Answer 19

One side of spinal cord
Results from a hemi-section of the spinal cord

Question 20

What can cause Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Answer 20

spinal tumor
spinal cord infection
inflammation of spinal cord
penetrating wounds to spinal cord

Question 21

Anterior cord syndrome

Answer 21

affects anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord, sparing posterior third
typically poorer prognosis for functional improvement

Question 22

Least common SCI syndrome

Answer 22

Posterior Cord syndrome

Question 23

Posterior cord syndrome

Answer 23

loss of proprioception and sense of vibration below level of injury
motor function, sensation of pain, temperature and touch remain intact

Question 24

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

Answer 24

terminal end of spinal cord (T12-L2 in adults)
most commonly caused by trauma or tumors
very LE weakness

Question 25

SCI clinical picture

Answer 25

Spinal shock: period of areflexia (days to months) impaired temperature control respiratory impairment spasticity B/B changes

Question 26

SCI: secondary complications

Answer 26

Pressure sores Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) postural hypotension heterotopic bone formation contractures pain DVT osteoporosis muscle spasms

Question 27

Muscle spasms

Answer 27

involuntary muscle movements interrupted signals between reflexes and brain

Question 28

AD

Answer 28

Autonomic Dysreflexia overactivity of autonomic nervous system causes sudden onset of high BP associated with lesion at or above T6

Question 29

AD interventions

Answer 29

place pt. in upright position loosen tight clothing, leg bags NOT OUR JOB: Check B/B, other sources pharmacological interventions

Question 30

Which brace is common after an SCI

Answer 30

Thoraco-Lumbar Brace

Question 31

SCI PT management: Acute phase

Answer 31

respiratory management Prevention of complications ROM maintenance strengthening/facilitation of active movements as permitted medically Orientation to vertical WE WILL HELP THEM MOVE THEIR LEGS

Question 32

SCI PT Management: Rehab phase

Answer 32

Functional expectations education ROM, strength, function W/c prescription and management ambulation (as appropriate)

Question 33

Tenodesis Grasp and release

Answer 33

person may be able to send signal to control the wrist but not fingers when wrist is extended, tendons along the fingers will shorten and close fingers when wrist is flexed, tendons will lengthen and extend outward passively