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1070 Health Promotion & Caring for Patients > Week 8-13 > Flashcards

Week 8-13 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Public Health Definition

A
  • Organized effects of society to keep people healthy
  • Prevent illness, injury & premature death
  • Combination of programs, services & policies that protect & promote health of all citizens
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2
Q

Functions of Care

A
  • Assessment & surveillance
  • Health promotion
  • Policy development
  • Disease prevention
  • Emergency management
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3
Q

Levels of Prevention

A
  • Primordial
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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4
Q

Primordial Prevention

A
  • Promote health through upstream approach
  • Uses risk factor identification
  • Development of policy & public awareness to avoid injury & illness
  • At a distal level
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5
Q

Primary Prevention

A
  • Proximal level
  • Risk factors may occur but not yet
  • Preventing/reducing risk
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6
Q

Secondary Prevention

A
  • Slow/stop progression
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7
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A
  • Limit disability
  • Rehabilitate & restore
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8
Q

Quaternary Prevention

A
  • Identifying individuals possibly at risk for medical mishaps
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9
Q

Harm Reduction

A
  • Philosophy/approach to health care delivery, programs, policies
  • Implemented to protect health & reduce secondary harm
  • Goal isn’t cessation but reducing harm
  • Requires a non-judgemental approach
  • Recognize social issues of high-risk behaviors
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10
Q

Population Health

A
  • Understand & improve health of entire population
  • Takes action to improve root cause(s)
  • Considering mental & social wellbeing
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11
Q

Interventions for Population Health

A
  • Change health of population using different strategies
  • Healthy public policies & program development
  • Creating supportive environment
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12
Q

Health Public Policy in Public Health

A
  • Advocacy for health, income, environmental & social policy
  • Foster greater equity
  • Increases health resources
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13
Q

Supportive Environment in Public Health

A
  • Safe, stimulating, satisfying, enjoyable
  • Aids environment
  • Generating healthy living working & playing conditions
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14
Q

Personal Skills in Public Health

A
  • Supporting personal development through provision of information
  • Health education
  • Increase options for individuals to exercise control over their health
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15
Q

Reorienting in Public Health

A
  • Moving beyond health sectors responsibility for providing clinical & curative services
  • Health promotion sensitive to needs of community
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16
Q

Indicators of Population Health

A
  • Measure health of populations
  • Closely link to SDoH
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17
Q

Epidemiology of Population Health

A
  • Study of distribution factors that determine population health-related events
  • Explore disease & health patterns
  • Determine influence & health outcomes
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18
Q

Public Health Nursing

A
  • Focuses on vulnerable populations
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19
Q

Standards of Public Health

A
  • Chronic disease prevention & wellbeing
  • Infectious disease prevention & control
  • Substance abuse & injury prevention
  • Healthy growth & development
  • Safe water
  • Food safety
  • Immunizations
  • School health
  • Healthy environments
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20
Q

Body Image

A
  • Mental picture individual forms of their body
  • Influences sense of sexual being
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21
Q

Body Esteem

A
  • Emotional consequence of body image
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22
Q

Body Perception

A
  • Satisfies or dissatisfies feelings
  • Negative associated with depression, eating disorders, lack of sexual desire & satisfaction
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23
Q

Sexuality Encompasses

A
  • Gender
  • Identity
  • Roles
  • Sexual orientation
  • Eroticism
  • Pleasure
  • Intimacy
  • Reproduction
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24
Q

Sexuality Health

A
  • State of physical, emotional, mental & social wellbeing related to sexuality
  • Characterized by positive & respectful approach to sexuality & sexual relationships
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25
Adolescence Sexuality
- Explore primary sexual orientation - Self-esteem, constantly comparing to media images (result in dangerous social & sexual behaviors)
26
Gender
- Biological sex, physical body parts (male/female)
27
Gender Expression
- Demonstration of gender - Clothing, actions & demeanor
28
Gender Identity
- Individual definition & understanding of individual gender - Based on options of gender
29
Intersex Gender
- Born with reproductive/sexual anatomy not fitting typical definitions of (male/female)
30
Heterosexism
- Belief in inherent superiority & normality of heterosexuality - Assuming everyone must be heterosexual - Marginalizing those who identify otherwise - Foundation of homophobia
31
LGBTQ+ Experiences with Health Care
- Fear of harassment, discrimination, violence - Avoidance of routine healthcare services - Difficulty finding competent services - Lack of knowledge of own health issues/risks - High levels of stress, stigma, social isolation - Burden of illness & poverty
32
People of LGBTQ+ Community Feel
- Rejection/abuse - Ostracized/lack of support - Distant - Bulling/harassment - Unaccepted/unvalued feelings - Low support for healthy body image
33
Health Organizations & LGBTQ+
- Lack training & policies - Lack of knowledge & health disparities - Unsafe - Not health promoted - Discomfort/silent environment
34
LGBTQ+ & Policies
- Not included in large population-based surveys - Health research focuses on gay men & HIV - Knowledge gaps in health status & specific concerns - Little capacity for research & public policy work - Culture invisibility
35
Addressing LGBTQ+ Health Feels
- Embarrassing - Inadequate training - Patient bringing up subject - Invasion of privacy - Poor interventions - No referrals - Not an important concern - Increased patient anxiety
36
Nurse Responsibilities in LGBTQ+ Healthcare
- Avoid assumptions - Change pronoun language - Convey open, caring & non-judgemental manner - Sensitive & appropriate verbal/non-verbal communication - Focus on sexual preferences & experiences - Understand burden of homophobia & interaction with racism, sexism
37
Spirituality Definition
- Relationship with god/higher power/supreme values - Relationship with self, others & environment - Key element of hope - Interconnectedness - Relates inner knowing & source of strength reflected in being, knowing & doing
38
Spiritual Care Definiton
- Awareness of personal spirituality & spiritual wellbeing
39
Self-Spirituality Components
- Inner strength - Self-resilience - Self-knowledge - Attitudes - Trust - Peace of mind - Harmony of self
40
Nature Spirituality
- Knowing about plants, wildlife, weather, elements of physical environment - Communicating & preserving nature - Connection/relationship with world - Enhances capacity to cope with illness - Harmony with world
41
Spirituality with Others
- Sharing time, knowledge, resources & reciprocating - Caring for children, elderly, sick - Reaffirming living & death individuals - Support network
42
Deity Spirituality
- Religious/non-religious - Prayer/meditation - Being in nature - Religious articles - Church participation
43
Religion
- Organized system of worship - Path of spiritual fulfillment - Belief, rituals, practices
44
Religion & Spirituality
- Distinct concepts - Overlap for some individuals
45
Health Challenges of Spirituality
- Time of spiritual renewal/disconnectedness - Discovery of inner strengths - Meaning & purpose of life are questioned
46
Spirituality in Nursing
- Struggle to conceptualize spirituality - Recognize importance to patients - Caring presence - Speaking & hearing of spiritual concerns through patient life story
47
Spiritual Caregiving
- Fostering integrity - Promoting interpersonal bonding - Respecting & enhancing personal quests for meaning - Significance of existential experience
48
Patient Story of Spirituality
- Meaning of illness to patient - Coping aid - Effects of illness on relationship, activities, self, family, work
49
Spirituality Concepts
- Ways of knowing & acquiring knowledge - Context/culture affecting client care - Time (past, present, future) expectations, memories, experiences - Transitioning from one state to next state - Personal meaning finding reliance, making connections, constructing perception on reality
50
Spirituality Integration
- Component of self - Incorporate into daily care - Listen to patient stories & concerns - Listen for cues to lead discussion of spirituality
51
Culture Definition
- Patterned behavioural response developed overtime - Through social & religious customs - Intellectual & artist activity - Passed down through generations - Dynamic, everchanging
52
Components of Culture
- Language - Ethnicity - Spiritual - Religious beliefs - Socioeconomic status - Gender - Orientation - Age - Group history - Education - Location - Experiences
53
Visible Elements of Culture
- Artifacts & behaviors
54
Invisible Elements of Culture
- Norms - Beliefs - Values - Assumptions
55
Value Definition
- Personal belief about worth of given idea, attitude, custom or object - Sets standards - Influences behavior
56
Belief Definition
- Opinion/conviction in truth/experience of something without positive knowledge or rigours proof - Interpretation/conclusion that accepts 1 truth
57
Assumption Definition
- Ideas/beliefs taken for granted - Automatically accepted as truth - Thought to derive from evidence/experience - Created from personal experience - Told until believed to be the truth
58
Healthcare Bias's
- Education - Ableism - Age - Sex & gender - Sexual identity - Racial - Socioeconomic status - Overweight & obesity - Geographical location
59
Culturally Sensitive Care
- Important component of patient centered care - Reflect on self & patient beliefs, values, culture - Relationship of culture & biopsychosocial needs to healthcare - Acknowledge bias, assumptions, beliefs & norms
60
Cultural Humility
- Ability to maintain interpersonal stance open to other in relation to cultural identity - Understand cultural competency as practice/process - Commitment to self-evaluation & self-critique - Fixes power imbalances - Develops partnerships with advocating groups
61
Cultural Humility Components
- Lifelong motivation to learn from others - Critical self-examination of cultural awareness - Interpersonal respect - Developing mutual partnerships that address power imbalances - Other-oriented stance - Open to new cultural information
62
Competence
- Right to cultural & clinically appropriate care delivery - Accepting & respecting of cultural differences - Adapting care congruent with client culture
63
Safety
- Critical understanding that recognizes cultures are dynamic & constantly shifting - Working towards creating safe feeling for client
64
Safety Promotion
- Recognize, respect & nurture unique/dynamic cultural identities - Safely meet needs, expectations & rights given unique client context of life
65
Reflexivity
- Holding up scrutiny for own & others knowledge, claims, assumptions & practices - Scrutinizing own knowledge, bias of practice, checking assumptions
66
Nursing Practice with Culture
- Open minded - Avoid assumptions - Inquire into client situations - Non-judgemental acceptance - Honesty - Curiosity - Communicate in languages spoken & understood
67
Components of Self-Identity
- Interactions with others - Surrounding groups - Roles we assume - Personal labels - Parents
68
Self-Concept
- Collection of beliefs, values & attributes held about oneself in relation to self-perception & others - Reflected appraisal - Social comparison - Description of one’s roles
69
Social Comparison
- Evaluating ourselves compared to others
70
Reflected Appraisal
- Developed based on how others see us
71
Self-Esteem
- Values placed upon self - Feelings on description of self - Impactful variable of self-concept
72
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory
- Self-actualization - Esteem - Loving/belonging - Physiological
73
Gender Differences in Self-Esteem
- People differ in primary source of self-esteem - Male’s gain from objective success - Females gain from relationship success - Females tend to have lower body image satisfaction
74
Positive Benefits of Self-Esteem
- Psychologically happy & healthy - Feel good about self - Able to cope effectively with challenges - Believe people value & respect them
75
Negative Consequences of Self-Esteem
- Psychologically distressed - View world negatively - Risk for depression, shyness, loneliness & alienation
76
Self-Ideal
- Certain standard for individual behavior - Creates self-expectations to conform towards
77
Incongruences
- When reality doesn’t match up to self-concept - Roots from childhood (parent influence)
78
Carl Rogers
- Self-image, how you see yourself (coincide with/not with reality) - Self-esteem, how much you value yourself - Ideal self, how you wish you could be - Actual & ideal self are similar = positive self-concept & self-esteem
79
Self-Awareness
- Dynamic, transformative process of self - Multidimensional introspective process - Use of self-insights & presence knowledge to guide behavior - Genuine & authentic to create healing interpersonal environment - Conscious process of pondering who we are - Cognizant & reflective of own thoughts, feelings, attitudes, attributes & actions
80
Origins of Self-Awareness
- Area of study since earliest scholars - Debated existence/location of mind - Inspection & intentionality
81
Antecedents
- Cognitive dissonance in thoughts/emotions - Needs cues/stimuli to raise need for change to level of conscious awareness
82
Attribute Definition
- Characteristics defining a phenomenon & differentiate in from others
83
Attributes of Nurses
- Introspection - Dynamic processing - Understanding of emotions, values, beliefs, attitudes & behaviors - Guidepost supporting change behaviors & actions
84
Consequence Definition
- Present or result of occurrence of phenomenon
85
Postive Consequences
- Increased insight into values, attitudes, prejudices, beliefs, assumptions, feelings - Increased sense of control (choosing response) - Discovery of own path without final destination
86
Countertransference
- Redirection of nurse’s feelings towards client
87
Interconnected Concepts
- Reflection - Self-knowing - Personal knowing - Self-understanding - Emotional intelligence
88
Nursing Evolution of Self-Awareness
- Practice drew heavily from psychological theories - Nurse scholars understand its insufficient to just understand client needs - Peplau created paradigm shift - Self is essential tool to therapeutic relationship - Rogers self-awareness necessary for therapeutic interactions - Peplau self-insight essential tool in all nurse-client relationships
89
Self-Awareness in Nursing
- Encompasses notation of intrapersonal process of self-discovery - Involves cognitive, affective & behavioral interrelated activities
90
Layers of Self-Awareness
- Superficial - Selective - Deep
91
Superficial Self-Awareness
- Aware of obvious aspects of self
92
Selective Self-Awareness
- Awareness of things believed to be needed to be aware of
93
Deep Self-Awareness
- Involves issues known only to oneself
94
Development of Self-Awareness
- Introspection - Feedback - Self-sharing - Increased vulnerability, non-judgemental attitude
95
CNO on Reflection
- Practice refection expands greater than thinking about practice e - Intentional process of thinking, analyzing & learning - Identify learning needs - Commitment to action
96
CNO Standard
- Able to provide safe, competent, ethical care
97
Resiliency
- Ability to function with healthy response trough stress & adversity - Biological & psychosocial characteristics (personality style & interpersonal relationships)
98
Benefits of Reflection to Nursing Practice
- Improved critical thinking - Empowerment - Greater self-awareness - Personal & professional growth
99
Benefits of Nurse Reflection to Clients
- Improved quality of care - Improved client outcomes
100
Conditions for Self-Reflection
- Belief of no end point in learning - Willingness to learn - Motivation to change - Open-mindedness - Courage to act

1070 Health Promotion & Caring for Patients (2 decks)

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