Week 8

Question 1

codon

Answer 1

set of 3 bases

Question 2

how to read genetic code

Answer 2

left, top, right

Question 3

what codon does translation start on

Answer 3

AUG on mRNA

Question 4

what are the 3 stop codons

Answer 4

UAG, UAA, UGA
- dont code for amino acids

Question 5

transcription

Answer 5

cells controll frequency of transcription

Question 6

mrna processing

Answer 6

diff mrna may be reproduced from a single gene

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

cells control rate of translation

Question 8

modification

Answer 8

cells can regulate a protein’s activity by modifying

Question 9

degradation

Answer 9

cells can regulate a protein’s activity by degrading it

Question 10

protein synthesis

Answer 10

creates protein molecules
- “centrazl dogma”

Question 11

rna polymerase

Answer 11

synthesizes rna froma template of dna thru transcription
- needed for transcription

Question 12

adjacent thymine

Answer 12

cuases residues (dimmers) on same strand of dna/distortion of one dna strand
- causes dna replication to halt
- can be from overexposure to UV rays

Question 13

epigenetic

Answer 13

not a mutation in dna

Question 14

gene silencing

Answer 14

block transcription/translation = no protein

Question 15

what are chem alterations in dna

Answer 15

methylation; histone moldification can affect the dna packing/impact way we express our genes

Question 16

dna methylation creates long lasting …. and is result of ….

Answer 16

changes in gene promoters; drug abjuse

Question 17

dna is … to mrna and then … to proteins

Answer 17

transcribed; translated

Question 18

antisense olignucleotides

Answer 18

complementary bind to transcribed mrna and will halt the translation process

Question 19

.. carries all the amino acid seqeunces needed to create proteim

Answer 19

exons

Question 20

dna replication happens where

Answer 20

Ori site (origin site)

Question 21

in transcription, mrna needs to be

Answer 21

synthesized

Question 22

promoter

Answer 22

beginning of gene

Question 23

terminator

Answer 23

end of gene

Question 24

we need intronms to avoid the risk of

Answer 24

mutations

Question 25

spliceosome

Answer 25

removes introns - mrna shortened so translations can happen = protein

Question 26

transcription happens

Answer 26

in nucleus - creates mrna

Question 27

translation happens

Answer 27

in cytoplasm - creates protein

Question 28

we need ribosomal structurew

Answer 28

large/snmall subunit to create proteinms - large = catalystic - small = binding site for amino acids, mrna, trna

Question 29

trna is ... pairing

Answer 29

base - temp association need for trna to bind to region `

Question 30

.. bonds are created b/w amino acids

Answer 30

peptide bonds - ribosomes allow them to form

Question 31

3 sites

Answer 31

exit site; peptide site; amino assign site

Question 32

peptides

Answer 32

short chains of amino acids - building block of proteins

Question 33

a .. will cuase a change in mrna

Answer 33

mutation

Question 34

bacteria have a lack of ...

Answer 34

introns - also have enzymes that make them resistant - susceptible to antibiotic

Question 35

dna polymerasze needed for

Answer 35

dna replication to create dna/rna

Question 36

rna polymerase needed for

Answer 36

transcription to create mrna, trna, rrna

Question 37

antibiotics

Answer 37

inhibit rna polymerase = no protein

Question 38

release factor

Answer 38

allows for the termination of translationm by recognizing stop codon in mrna sequence