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Bio 1001 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

where is dna is eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus; mitochondria; chloroplasts

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2
Q

nucleus has

A

,mostly chromosomal dna; introns/exons; mostly linear

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3
Q

introns

A

dont help in coding (no amino acid is created)

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4
Q

exons

A

have coding (tell cells to make specific amino acid to create specific proteins)

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

mtdna; smaller than nuclear dna; less/no introns but has exons

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6
Q

chloroplast

A

chdna; circular; smaller than nuclear dna; less/no introns but has exons

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7
Q

where is dna is prokaryotic cells

A

nuclear dns in cytoplasm free flowing
- no mitochondria/no chloroplast
- extrachromosomal plasmid dnd (very small)

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8
Q

do oujr cells make rna: after then what

A

yes; then protein

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9
Q

the nucleus in _ cells contains nuclear dna

A

euk cells

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10
Q

nucleus is _ center of cell

A

control center
- contain dna (stores all info needed to buikd cell/direct the chem rxn required for life)

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11
Q

chromosomes

A

dna more condensed

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12
Q

chromatin

A

dna less coliled

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13
Q

the __ helps genetic infor flow from dna - rna - protein

A

central dogma

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14
Q

inital stages of geen expression?

A

transcription/translation

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15
Q

transcription

A

info in dna of gene is copied into rna
- in euk cells = nucleus
- PRODUCES MRNA W/ NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE COMPLEMENTARY TO ONE OF THE DNA STRANDS

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16
Q

translation

A

mrna nucleotide sequence is decoed/info is converted to the sequence of amino acids in proteins
- in euk cells = cytoplasm (at ribosomes)
- PRODUCES PROTEIN W/ AMINO SEQUENCE DETERMIEND BY NUCLEOTIDE SEUENCE OF MRNA

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17
Q

dna is a what helix

A

double helix
- reduces length of dna so it can be arranged in nucleus

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18
Q

hsitones are

A

postive
- help dna coil

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19
Q

phosphates are

A

negative
- give dna neg charge (-ve)

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20
Q

humans have _ paris of chromosomes

A

23 pairs

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21
Q

nucleic acids

A

polymers of nucleotides
- formed by dehydration synthesis
– dna replication

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22
Q

dna replication

A

meeds large complex protein enzyme
- instructiosna re coded in dna itself

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23
Q

nucleotide parts

A

5-carb sugar, 1/more phosphate groups, nitrogenous base w/ single/double ring

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24
Q

single rings (pyrimidines)

A

thymine, uracil, cytosine (TUC)

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25
double rings (purils)
adenine, guanine (AG)
26
a deoxy-ribose nucleotide has __
deoxyribose, monophosphate, and nitrogenous base - fomred by dehydration synthesis
27
in deh synthesis
oxygen in phosphate group of 1 nucleotide is covalently bonded to the sugar of another - water is product - creates neds biomolecules
28
nucleotides may function as
- energy-carrier molecules - intracellular messenger molecules - subunits of nucleic acids
29
atp is formed whwere
in mito/chloro -energy0carrier molecule - stores energy in bonds among its phosphate groups (energy is released when 1 of those bonds are broken)
30
ribise has how many oxygens?
all of them
31
deoxyribose is missing what?
an oxygen
32
the breakdown of atp hap;pens during
hydrolysis - water is reactant
33
in deh synthesis
- -O- + HO --> -O- + H2O (form) - OH + H (reactants) - water is product
34
in hyhdrolysis
- -O- + H2O --> -OH + HO (form) - O + H2O (reactants) - water is reactant
35
dna double helices are linked by
hydrogen bonds ladder in spiral shape
36
a carbo backbine will bond w/ wjhat
neighboring nucleotide (the suagr phosphate) - produces suagr phisphate backbone of alternating, covelently bonded sugaars and phosphates
37
A and G bonds w/ what in dna
T and C
38
A bond sw/ what in rna
U
39
P5' --- 3'OH matches w/
3'OH --- P5'
40
watson crick model
untwisted version of dna - a single sgtrand of dna is a polymer consiting of many nucleotide subunits
41
dna strand are antiparrale b/c
so they wont collide - 1 stramd starts w/ free sugar and ends w/ free phosphate - next strand starts w/ free phosphate and ends w/ free sugar
42
genome
complete sequence of dna in anorganism that contains millions/billikons of nucleotides
43
gyrase
Keeps dna in supercoiled form
44
helicase
unwinds dna
45
dna polymerase
parental strand - can be error prone in bacteria
46
rna is
single strand of ribose nucelotides - has ribose - usually single-stranded - contains URASIl not thy,mine
47
3 types of rna
mRNA; tRNA; rRNA
48
mrna
carries code for protein-coding gene from dna to ribosomes
49
trna
carries amino acids to ribosomes
50
rrna
combine w/ proteins to form ribosomes
51
ribosomes
link amino acids to form a protein
52
concoding rna
regulates transcription/translation by binding to dna or mrna
53
trna has an attached what
amino acid ex: tyr
54
ribosomal large subunit
catalytic site
55
ribosomal small subunit
mrna, trna/amino acid (protein) binding sites
56
caarbohydrates aid in what
megtabolism
57
example of monosaccharide (a carbohydraate)
glucose, fructose, galactose
58
example of disaccharide (still a carbohydrate)
sucrose
59
lipids can be
saturated/unsaturated - aids in metablosim
60
ex of proteins
keratin, myosin, antibodies, glucagon, insulin - aids in metabolism
61
proteins are
made up of amino acids that will have extra/more NH3 (amino groups) w/ positive charge (+ve)
62
mehyl CH3 is...
functional group that's non-polar - too much can change neg chnarge on dna (overuse of drugs/alcool)
63
nonpolar
sharing equally
64
polar
unequal sharing
65
ionic
transferred b/w atoms
66
hydrogen bonds
b/w polar molecules where hydrogen is bonded to oxygen/nitrogen
67
rna polymerase
needed for rna, mrna, trna, rrna
68
dna polymerase
dna rna

Bio 1001 (6 decks)

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