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Compsci 1033 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is animation

A

A sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when played in succession.

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2
Q

How does the illusion work, what is each still image called?

A

Illusion works by flashing images
Each image: frame

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3
Q

Why use animation?

A

Easier to show somebody how something works then to try and explain it.

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4
Q

What are key features of animation?

A
  • Indicate movement
  • Illustrate change over time
  • Visualize three-dimensional objects
  • Attracts attention
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5
Q

How does animation work?

A

Simulation of movement through a series of pictures that have objects in slightly different positions

Each drawing is called a frame (a snapshot of what’s happening at a particular moment)

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6
Q

Depending on the medium used theres different required FPS, what are some examples?

A

Movies on film=24 fps
TV=30 fps
9000 frames for five minute cartoon
Computer animation = 12 to15 fps

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7
Q

Why is it important to use required fps?

A

Jerky if anything less

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8
Q

Since each frame is just an image wheat can each frame be sampled into?

A

A discrete samples and each sample becomes a pixel = Sampling process

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9
Q

What do you have to remember about the sampling process and quality?

A

More samples means better quality (same image represented in10 pixels by 10 pixels or in 200 pixels by 200 pixels)

More samples means bigger file sizes (10 pixels by 10 pixels vs 200 pixels by 200 pixels)

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10
Q

How is an animation given colour?

A

Each pixel gets assigned a colour, maybe just 2 colours(black and white=1bit colour) or maybe 16 million colour (24 bit colour) =Quantization process

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11
Q

What else can we “Sample” with MOTION?

A

Frame rate

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12
Q

What is frame rate?

A

Indicates the playback speed of the animation in frames per second

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13
Q

Generally, low frame rate appears _____?

A

Choppy

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14
Q

BUT high frame rate can also appear choppy, WHY?

A

If the computer playing the animation is not fast enough to process and display the frames.

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15
Q

What are 2 types of 2D animation?

A
  1. Cel Animation (also called traditional animation, classical animation, hand-drawn animation, frame by frame animation)
  2. Path Based Animation
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16
Q

What are both Cel Animation and Path Based Animation made of?

A

Frames:
- The more frames per second, the more believable the movement will be.

  • The more frames per second, the bigger the final version of the movie file will be (more bytes)
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17
Q

What are the 5 types of animation?

A
  1. Traditional Animation (Cel Animation) Rotoscoping is one type
  2. 2D Animation (Path Based Animation)
  3. Computer Animation
  4. Motion Graphics (this is what we will be doing, it uses Path Based Animation behind the scenes)
  5. Stop Motion
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18
Q

3-D Animation (Type of Computer Animation) involves what 3 steps?

A
  1. Modelling
  2. Rendering
  3. Animating
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19
Q

How is Cel Animation made?

A

An animator must HAND draw every single frame!

To simplify, one background is drawn and then the item that will move is drawn on a clear sheet of plastic (a cel), one drawing for each frame.
When moving to the next scene, just change the background

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20
Q

How is Path Based Animation made?

A

Pick:
a starting point for an object, (start frame)
an ending point for an object (end frame)
a path for the object to follow

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21
Q

What is the process in path based animation where the computer generated all the frames in between?

A

Called TWEENING), so that the artist doesn’t have to draw the intermediate frames (like the artist did in cel based animation)

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22
Q

What does keyframe mean?

A

The frame that you’re going to draw: the starting frame and the ending frame

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23
Q

What is tweening?

A

Computer drawing in between frames

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24
Q

What is onion skinning?

A

A light see through (sketch ish) of previous motion to see how much next frame should adjust for movement to still look reasonable

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25
Question If I have a 40 frame movie playing at 5 frames per second, how long will the movie be? ___ seconds
8
26
Order these movies from shortest to play (in seconds) to longest to play: A=20 frames at 2fps B=60 frames at 20fps C=20 frames at 5fps D=60 frames at 10 fps E=20 frames at 10fps
A – 10 sec B – 3 sec C – 4 sec D – 6 sec E – 2 sec ORDER: EBCDA
27
The path the object follows have to be a straight line, TRUE or FALSE?
False: can use tool called Flash to create animation that isn't in a straight line
28
What software allows us to do path based animation?
Flash (becoming obsolete)
29
How does path based animation software work?
The software that generates the frames has features such as: - Looping - Transition (Fade in and Fade out) - Repetitions  allows the user to pick how many times the animation repeats - Setting frames per second
30
What does a bigger FPS imply in path based animation?
- File size is larger (storing more frames) - More realistic motion
31
If the animation appears too slow, what can we speed up the motion by?
Reduce the number of frames (say pull out every other frame) OR Increase the frame rate (go from 10fps to 20fps)
32
Assume we have an animation is the 40 frames and our frame rate is 10 frames per second. How long will the animation be?
4 seconds
33
Assume we have an animation is the 40 frames and our frame rate is 10 frames per second. What happens to the movie if we pull out every other frame?
2 seconds – 20 frames now and file size will be ~ ½
34
Assume we have an animation is the 40 frames and our frame rate is 10 frames per second. What happens if we go from 10fps to 20fps?
2 seconds – no change to original file size because same number of frames
35
What are the 2 ways we can slow down motion?
1. Add more frames 2. Lower the frame rate
36
How can adding more frames slow down motion?
- Keep the frame rate the same - Increase the number of frames between the keyframes to stretch out the animation
37
How can lowering the frame rate slow down motion?
Keep the same number of frames as original but stretches out movie
38
Original Clip has 5 frames, at 20 fps, so finishes playing at 0.2 seconds, too fast! How can we slow it down?
Way 1: still have 20 fps, but add in extra frames between, now have 20 frames Way 2: holds frame on screen for 0.2 seconds, then moves to frame 2, on screen for 0.2 second, etc….
39
What is wrong with lowering the frame rate and keeping number of frames the same?
Don't get as smooth an animation because you can see jumps between holds
40
What can be an issue with adding more frames to slow down an animation?
File size gets bigger
41
What are the differences between Cel Animation vs. Path Based Animation?
Cel: get nuances of moving object ex: bird flapping wings up and down Tweening: just moves it along, isn't as realistic
42
How can you tell an object is heavier in an animation?
By considering the timing and spacing of key frames?
43
What is the principle of timing in animation?
The personality and nature of an animation is greatly affected by the number of frames inserted between each main action
44
How does amount of frames/drawing affect timing?
More drawings=slow Less drawings=fast
45
What is the standard frame rate for movies?
24 fps
46
What is it called if one drawing is made for each 24 frames per second?
Drawing on ones
47
What is it called if one drawing is made for every two frames?
Drawing on twos
48
Is it more common to draw on ones or twos?
On twos because: - It cuts amount of work in half - Makes slow actions look smoother (because precision needed to draw between each frame per second can make animation look jittery)
49
Why can drawing on twos even make fast action look beetter?
Makes it look more lively while drawing on ones looks too smooth
50
How does the artist show the speed with the poker chips? What is Ease?
Starts slow then fast Ease (slow in and slow out) in your animation software
51
What is the slow in and slow out principle?
Refers to way which all movement starts slowly and builds speed then finishes slowly
52
What is the most important principle to achieve in life like motion?
Slow in and slow out because without it, things feel mechanical (robotic things are the only items that move at constant speed)
53
How do you use ease in 2D animation?
Take extreme poses, draw single in between draw in between those and keep drawing in between while getting closer to the extreme
54
How do you use ease in 3D animation?
Changing motion curves from linear to splank???? by changing besiere handles? (as time progresses, object start slow then fast then slows down again)
55
Why do you have to use ease wisely?
Wouldn't add it to a bouncing ball as it's going towards the ground, rather use it when its bouncing back up Don't add to bullet coming out of gun rather the gun recoiling up
56
What do you notice about the movement of the helmet compared to the body in this image?
Helmet has own action and own movement
57
What is follow through?
When something continues to move after the thing it is joined to stops
58
What is the follow through & overlapping action principle in animation?
Technique of having body parts or other items drag behind the rest of the body and continuing to move when body stops
59
What other technique are follow through and overlapping action associated to?
Drag All describe same things in different ways
60
What does follow through refer to?
Refers to way parts of the body continue to move after the body has stopped
61
What does overlapping action describe?
The offset between timing of main body and its other parts
62
What does drag describe?
The technique of delaying movement of body parts in relation to main body
63
How to follow through and overlapping action add realism to a character?
When main body moves, the tip of the appendage should be last to catch up and when main body stops the tip should follow through the furthest before settling back
64
What do you think the box is about to do? What term do we use when we think something is about to happen?
Anticipation
65
What is anticipation?
When the something prepares for an action to communicate to the viewer that something is about to happen
66
What is the anticipation principle in animation?
When character prepares for action to give the audience a clue as to what is happening next as well as to make action appear more realistic
67
What is an example of anticipation in animation?
When character is about to jump Before leaping into air, they have to prepare by crouching down to build energy like a spring that coils up before releasing
68
Why does character jumping without anticipation look unrealistic?
Because energy is coming out of nowhere
69
How can you add power to a punch in animation:?
To communicate to viewers that they are about to punch, they launch arm back then punch, in contrast; no anticipation results in very weak punch
70
What is interesting about the shape of this rocket as it starts and stops? What terms would you use to describe this? What other common object do we often use to display this phenomena?
Squash and stretch
71
What is squash and stretch?
Animated objects can get longer or flatter to emphasis their speed, momentum, weight and mass
72
What is the squash and stretch principle in animation?
This is the principle that animated objects get longer or flatter to emphasize their: - speed - momentum - weight - mass
73
What does the amount that an object squashes or stretches say about it?
Says something about its mass, the more squash and stretch = softer ex. water balloon The less squash and stretch = stiffer ex bowling ball
74
How does squash and stretch apply to characters?
Figure stretching from speed they're coming down with and squashing after they land before settling post
75
How can squash and stretch be used on facial expression?
Eyes closed=face is squashed As eyes in disbelief= face stretches up
76
What is important regarding object volume in squash and stretch?
To keep object volume consistent, overall volume of object must be the same, as an object gets longer, it also gets narrower, as it gets fatter, it gets wider
77
Where can you get animation?
- Purchase CDs or buy off the Internet or get free clipart on the Internet, for example: https://classroomclipart.com/clipart/Animations.htm OR, you can create your own: - Animated Gifs can be create in Photoshop or in other software tools Using Flash
78
What are the 3 different file types of animation?
1. Animated gifs (.gif) 2. Flash Animations (.swf) 3. PowerPoint Animations (.mp4)
79
What do you think the file size of an animated gif is affected by?
Size of the gif (frame dimensions) Number of colors Number of frames (longer animation=bigger file size)
80
What do you think is the maximum number of colours you can have in an animated gif?
Same as single gif= 256 because 2^8
81
What is a plug in?
A program that permits web browser to access and execute files that the browser would not normally recognize. Flash uses Shockwave
82
What is a benefit of a gif?
No plug-in required: Animated GIFs require no plug-ins, and the authoring tools to create them are often free and easy to learn.
83
What is a drawback of a gif?
No Sound: If you need sound in addition to motion, you cannot use an animated GIF by itself. Instead, you may want to consider other animation alternatives, such as Flash, or even video
84
How do we first decide on how to create the animation?
- To make an object arrives - To emphasis an object while it is still there - To make an object leave - To make an object follow a path
85
What is smooth start?
Slow at the beginning, gets quicker at that end
86
What is smooth end?
Starts quickly but slows down at the end
87
If animation is 4 seconds what is maximum amount of time that smooth start and end can be?
Smooth Start + Smooth End < =Duration
88
How do you know if a motion is selected?
When motion path (ghosted shape) has a green circle (start) or red circle (end), motion is selected
89
How do you know if a motion is NOT selected?
When motion path has a green triangle (start) or red triangle (end), motion is NOT selected
90
QUESTION: Suppose we had the following starting picture and the given ending picture, what THREE things do you think you would have to consider in order to make it appear animated but it should have a smooth animation, not jerky? What colour will the tween frame be?
1.Going from a square to a circle 2. Going from the top left corner to the bottom right corner (following a path) 3. Going from blue to red (so it MUST go through purple in order for the transition to look smooth)
91
What does tweening do?
Creating the intermediate frames based on the starting keyframe and ending keyframe.

Compsci 1033 (12 decks)

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