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Oc Motility > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of strabismus?

A

Non-restrictive

Binocular disorder

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2
Q

Conjugate eye movements reveal what?

A

subtle muscle paresis

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of innervation incomitant strabismus?

A
  1. Supranuclear/Internuclear

2. Nuclear/Infranuclear

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4
Q

What are the types of Supranuclea/internuclear strabismus?

A
  1. Skew Deviation
  2. INO
  3. Thalamic Esotropia
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5
Q

What are the types of Nuclear/Infranuclear strabismus?

A
  1. OMN Palsy
  2. Peripheral Neuropathy
  3. Disorders of neuromuscular junction
  4. Congenital cranial dysinnervation syndrome
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6
Q

What are the types of mechanical incomitant strabismus?

A
  1. Restrictive

2. Others

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7
Q

What are the types of restrictive strabismus?

A
  1. Brown’s syndrome
  2. Postoperative
  3. Trauma
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8
Q

What are the types of “other” strabismus?

A
  1. Orbital inflammation
  2. Orbital infection
  3. Orbital lesion
  4. Orbital Trauma
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9
Q

What type of head movement is found in a lateral rectus palsy?

A

Head turn

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10
Q

What type of head movement is found in an oblique muscle paresis?

A

Head tilt to shoulder

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11
Q

T/F: Saccades, pursuits OKN and VOR are impaired toward the side of the lsion

A

True

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12
Q

What % of CN VI palsies heal in 6 months?

A

60-75%

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13
Q

What are the 3 tx for a CN palsy?

A
  1. Prism
  2. Range of Motion exercises
  3. Head turn
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14
Q

What are the pros of Fresnel prism?

A
  1. Low cost
  2. Thin and light weight
  3. Cosmesis is OK
  4. Up to 40 pd
  5. Horiz. and Verti.
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15
Q

What are the cons of Fresnel prism?

A
  1. Blurry Vision
  2. Reduced contrast
  3. Age and Dirty
  4. Peel/fall off
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16
Q

What are the pros for prism goggles?

A
  1. Better clarity
  2. Low cost
  3. Easily ordered
  4. Switch prism power
  5. up to 30pd
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17
Q

What are the cons of prism goggles?

A
  1. No temples
  2. Uncomfortable frame
  3. Distortions
  4. Cosmesis
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18
Q

Deafness has what % association w/ Duane’s Retraction syndrome?

A

10%

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19
Q

Convergence spasm is caused by what?

A

trauma

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of acquired vertical strabismus?

A

CN IV palsy

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21
Q

Where is diplopia greatest in CN IV palsy?

22
Q

WIT: mechanical restriction of superior oblique muscle causing difficulty of eye moving up on adduction?

Study These Flashcards
A

Brown Syndrome

23
Q

What are the common causes of 3rd nerve palsies in adults?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Aneurysms
  2. Vascular Disease
  3. Trauma
  4. Migraine
24
Q

What are the common causes of 3rd nerve palsies in kids?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Birth trauma
  2. Accidental trauma
  3. Neonatal hypoxia
  4. Migraine
25
WIT: 3rd NP + contralateral hemiparesis
Weber's syndrome
26
WIT: 3rd NP + contralateral tremor
benedikt's syndrome
27
WIT: 3rd NP + ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia
Nothnagel's syndrome
28
WIT: Benedikt's + Nothnage's syndrome
Claude's syndrome
29
What is the most common cause of 3rd nerve palsy with pupillary involvement?
Intracranial aneurysms | - junction of internal carotid + PCA
30
What is the most common cause of 3rd NP w/ pupil sparing?
Ischemia | - DM, HTN, Migraine, SLE, Temporal Arteritis
31
WIT: Involuntary eye oscillations that drive the eye away from the target?
Nystagmus
32
Nystagmus is called by lesions of what 3 things?
1. VOR 2. Gaze-holding system 3. Smooth Pursuits + OKN
33
What are the characteristics of pendular nystagmus?
both phases slow
34
What are the characteristics of jerk nystagmus?
1 fast phase, 1 slow phase
35
What are the characteristics of plane nystagmus?
Horizontal, vertical, torsional rotary
36
What are the characteristics of conjugacy nystagmus?
Direction, amplitude, frequences
37
Oscillopsia of greater than __ degrees per second impairs vision
5 degrees
38
What is the main difference between peripheral and central vestibular nystagmus?
Peripheral = can be suppressed with vision/adaptive Central = no suppression/no adaptation
39
A downbeat nystagmus is caused by what 6 things?
1. Arnold-Chiari 2. Cerebellar degeneration 3. Vertebrobasilar infarction 4. MS 5. Drugs 6. Idiopathic
40
An upbeat nystagmus is caused by what 4 things?
1. Cerebelllar degeneration 2. Brainstem/Cerebellar infarct 3. MS 4. Tumors
41
Gaze-evoked nystagmus is due to normal pulse but ___?
unsustained step signal
42
What is the only normal nystagmus not associated with disease?
Physiological End-Point Nystagmus
43
When does physiological end-point nystagmus start?
After 30 seconds of sustained view in lateral gaze (fatigue effect)
44
A person with congenital nystagmus will have what 2 issues?
1. head tremor | 2. gaze-holding issues
45
What are the 3 components that prevent drift nystagmus?
1. VOR 2. Neural integrator 3. Long Term Recalibration
46
What nerve accounts for most cases of acquired vertical strabismus?
CN4
47
What is the triad for the ocular tilt reaction?
1. Skew Deviation 2. Ocular torsion 3. Head tilt 10-13 deg
48
Ocular tilt reaction is perceived when?
In the darkness
49
In a skew deviation, they ___ eye is extorted, while in CN4 deviation the ___ eye is extorted
``` Skew = hypo eye CN4 = hyper eye (up and out) ```
50
Convergence retraction nystagmus is due to ?
due to lesion in the rostral midbrain

Oc Motility (10 decks)

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