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Cognitive Psychology > Week 8: Everyday Memory > Flashcards

Week 8: Everyday Memory Flashcards

1
Q

According to Black & Aaliyah, what are the three main functions of autobiographical memory?

A
  1. Social - allows us to bond through shared memories
  2. Directive - used to guide future action
    3.Self - creates a sense of self & identity
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2
Q

True or false?
Autobiographical memory consists of episodic and semantic memory?

A

True

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3
Q

Episodic autobiographical memories are associated with activation in which two areas of the brain?

A

Occipital cortex and lateral parietal cortex

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4
Q

Semantic autobiographical memories are associated with activation in which two areas of the brain?

A

Medial and inferior temporal cortex

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5
Q

Both semantic & episodic autobiographical memories are associated with activation in which areas of the brain?

A

Hippocampus, lateral temporal cortex

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6
Q

What is the difference between autobiographical and episodic memory?

A

Autobiographical focuses on events of personal significance.
Episodic memory focuses on trivial events

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7
Q

Memory for the past is known as ____ memory and memory for the future is known as _____ memory

A

Past - retrospective
Future - prospective

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8
Q

True or false?
Retrospective memory includes memory for people, words and events from the past.
Prospective memory is remembering to carry out some intended action

A

True

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9
Q

Is monitoring more active in time based tasks or event based tasks?

A

Event based

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10
Q

What is the reminiscence bump and what age are the highest amount of memories sourced from?

A

the tendency for older adults to have an increased recollection of events that happened during adolescence and early childhood

Ages 10-30 has the highest number of memories

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11
Q

What is infantile amnesia?

A

The near total lack of memories from the first three years of life

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12
Q

What are the two stages of infantile amnesia?

A
  1. absolute amnesia for the first few years of life
  2. relative amnesia for the early school years
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13
Q

Infantile amnesia is thought to be caused by what two things?

A

Lack of development of the cognitive self and hippocampal neurogenesis hindering memory formation

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14
Q

What two things are thought to be factors in autobiographical memories?

A

Life script & transitions

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15
Q

What is flashbulb memory?

A

Vivid, long lasting autobiographical memories for important, dramatic and surprising public events

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16
Q

What 6 factors are remembered in flashbulb memories?

A
  1. The person who told the news
  2. How you first found out it occurred
  3. The place you were in
  4. What you were doing at the time
  5. The emotional state of yourself and those around you
  6. the consequences for the individual
17
Q

How are flashbulb memories similar to everyday memories?

A

Show similar patterns of forgetting - rapid forgetting in first year, very little after.

Participants have high confidence in accuracy of memories

18
Q

What are the two parts of the self memory system by Conway 2005 and 3 subcategories of part a?

A

The conceptual self and episodic memories.

The conceptual self includes themes, lifetime periods and general events

19
Q

Describe Conway’s 2016 remembering imagining system

A

Remembering is also about the projection of information into future states

20
Q

Describe the working self

A

Consists of conceptual self plus the individual’s goal system

21
Q

What are the two methods of autobiographical memory retrieval?

A

Generative retrieval - deliberating constructing memories by applying the working self

Direct retrieval - memories are retrieved effortless or automatically

22
Q

When is top down and bottom up processes used in general and direct retrieval?

A

General - top down processes
Direct - bottom up (taking in environment stimuli)

23
Q

What are the roles of the following in autobiographical memory?
Medial Temporal Lobe Network
Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Fronto Parietal Network
Cingulo-Operculum Network

A

Medial Temporal Lobe Network
Construction & elaboration of AM and declarative memory conscious recollection

Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Construction & elaboration of AM and self-referential processing

Fronto Parietal Network
Construction of AM and adaptive controlled processing

Cingulo-Operculum Network
Construction of AM and with goal maintenance

24
Q

What is a prospective memory failure?

A

Forgetting to do something that you had planned or missing a cue while performing a primary or ongoing task

25
Q

What are two examples of prospective memory failure avoidance techniques?

A

Checklists
Diaries

26
Q

What are the three theories of prospective memory failures?

A

Multi process framework by Weinstein & Daniel 2005

The dual pathway model by McDaniel et al. 2015

The dynamic multi process framework by Shelton & Scullin 2017

Cognitive Psychology (5 decks)

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