week 8: hematology 1

Question 1

what do red blood cells contain?

Answer 1

red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and carry CO2 away

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

-red blood cells (45%)
-plasma (55%)
-white blood cells & platelets (1%)

Question 3

function of red blood cells

Answer 3

role in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 4

function of white blood cells & platelets

Answer 4

white blood cells = role in immune response
platelets = role in clotting

Question 5

components of a complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 5

-RBC
-hemoglobin (Hgb/Hb)
-WBC
-platelets (PLT)
-hematocrit (HCT)

Question 6

what is hematocrit measuring?

Answer 6

% of RBC in total blood volume

Question 7

what is a normal hematocrit lab value?

Answer 7

36-52%

Question 8

what is hemoglobin measuring?

Answer 8

amount of hemoglobin present in blood = color
indicator of oxygen carrying capacity

Question 9

components of hemoglobin

Answer 9

1 oxygen molecule, 2 alpha, & 2 beta chains = O2 & iron

Question 10

what are normal hemoglobin lab values?

Answer 10

12-17

Question 11

what are normal lab values for RBCs?

Answer 11

4.5-5.5 million/mm3

Question 12

what are normal lab values for WBCs?

Answer 12

5,000 – 10,000/mm3

Question 13

what are normal lab values for platelets?

Answer 13

150,000 – 400, 000/mm3

Question 14

what would LOW hemoglobin lab values indicate?

Answer 14

-decreased oxygen carrying capacity
-acute: bleeding
-chronic: kidney disease and/or nutrient deficiencies

Question 15

what would HIGH hematocrit lab values indicate?

Answer 15

polycythemia: increased # of red blood cells

Question 16

what would LOW hematocrit lab values indicate?

Answer 16

-occurs with anemia
-acute: bleeding
-chronic: kidney disease and/or nutrient deficiencies

Question 17

what would HIGH WBCs lab values indicate?

Answer 17

indicate fighting off infection (looking at differential will tell you exact what type)

Question 18

what would LOW WBCs lab values inidcate?

Answer 18

concerns about impaired immune function
-leukemia
-chemo
-autoimmune disorders
-aplastic anemia

Question 19

what would HIGH platelet lab values indicate?

Answer 19

thrombocytosis
-bleeding & impaired clotting

Question 20

what would LOW platelet lab values indicate?

Answer 20

thrombocytopenia
-bleeding & impaired clotting

Question 21

normal adult MCV value

Answer 21

84-96 fL
size of red blood cell

Question 22

what would an increase in MCV indicate?

Answer 22

macrocytic

Question 23

what would a decrease in MCV indicate?

Answer 23

microcytic

Question 24

normal adult MCH value

Answer 24

28 – 34 pg/cell

Question 25

what would an increase in MCH indicate?

Answer 25

hyperchromic

Question 26

what would a decrease in MCH indicate?

Answer 26

hypochromic

Question 27

different types of white blood cells & percentages of each (5)

Answer 27

-neutrophils = 70% -lymphocytes = 30% -monocytes = 7% -eosinophils = 3% -basophils = 1%

Question 28

what is the mnemonic to remember the different types of white blood cells?

Answer 28

Never Let Me Eat Beans

Question 29

what infection is a neutrophil associated with?

Answer 29

bacterial infection

Question 30

what infection is a lymphocyte associated with?

Answer 30

viral infection

Question 31

what infection is a monocyte associated with?

Answer 31

chronic infection

Question 32

what infection is a eosoniphil associated with?

Answer 32

eating parasite

Question 33

what infection is a basophil associated with?

Answer 33

bee stings allergic

Question 34

what are the stimulus for erythropoiesis?

Answer 34

*hypoxia due to...* -decreased RBC count -decreased amount of hemoglobin -decreased availability of oxygen

Question 35

measuring/indicators of erythropoiesis

Answer 35

-reticulocytes are a good indication of erythropoietic activity -reticulocytes are immature RBCs

Question 36

what happens if a patient has kidney disease, what are they at risk for?

Answer 36

increased risk of anemia and will have issues producing erythropoietin

Question 37

nutritional requirements for erythropoiesis

Answer 37

-vitamin B12 (play role in DNA synthesis) -folic acid (folate) (play role in DNA synthesis) -iron -proteins