Week 8: Hypothalamus

Question 1

Anterior Boundary of Hypothalamus

Answer 1

Optic chiasm and laminal terminalis

Question 2

Lateral Boundary of Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Optic tract and internal capsule

Question 3

Posterior Boundary of Hypothalamus

Answer 3

Cerebral Peduncles

Question 4

Superior Boundary of Hypothalamus

Answer 4

Hypothalamic Sulcus and Thalamus

Question 5

Preoptic Hypothalamic Region Location

Answer 5

Rostral to optic chiasm

Question 6

Anterior Hypothalamic Region Location

Answer 6

Dorsal to optic chiasm

Question 7

Middle Hypothalamic Region Location

Answer 7

Optic chiasm to mammillary bodies

Question 8

Posterior Hypothalamic Region Location

Answer 8

Mammillary bodies and caudal

Question 9

Periventricular Hypothalamic Zone Function

Answer 9

Endocrine control of anterior pituitary

Question 10

Medial or Intermediate Hypothalamic Zone Function

Answer 10

Regulation of posterior pituitary and regulation of autonomics

Question 11

Lateral Hypothalamic Zone Function

Answer 11

Integration of limbics

Question 12

Periventricular Nucleus Functions

Answer 12

Releases GNRH, dopamine which inhibits prolactin, and somatostatin which inhibits growth hormone

Question 13

Arcuate Nucleus Functions

Answer 13

Releases GNRH, somatostatin, growth hormone releasing hormone

Question 14

Medial Preoptic Nucleus Functions

Answer 14

Releases gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 15

Paraventricular Nucleus Functions

Answer 15

Releases thyrotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 16

Hormones Released to the Anterior Pituitary

Answer 16

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
GNRH
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Somatostatin
Dopamine

Question 17

Medial Zone Controls What Organ?

Answer 17

Posterior pituitary

Question 18

Supraoptic Nucleus Function

Answer 18

Secretes vasopressin and MINIMAL oxytocin

Question 19

Paraventricular Nucleus Function With Respect to Posterior Pituitary

Answer 19

Secretes oxytocin and MINIMAL vasopressin

Question 20

Posterior Pituitary Function

Answer 20

Releases oxytocin and vasopressin directly into systemic circulation

Question 21

Vasopressin Function

Answer 21

Promotes water reabsorption to elevate blood pressure

Question 22

Oxytocin Function

Answer 22

Stimulates uterine contraction, milk release, and social bonding

Question 23

Medial Zone Origination Point

Answer 23

Paraventricular, dorsomedial, posterior and lateral hypothalamic nuclei

Question 24

Medial Zone Pathway FROM Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Medial forebrain bundle, dosolateral tegmentum, hypothalamospinal tract

Question 25

Dorsolateral Tegmentum Hypothalamic Synapse Pattern

Answer 25

Several synapses with cranial nerve autonomics

Question 26

Autonomic Coordinating Nuclei

Answer 26

Solitary nucleus parabrachial nucleus dorsal raphe nucleus ventrolateral medulla pontomedullar reticular formation

Question 27

Solitary Nucleus Autonomic Function

Answer 27

Viscerosensory information to the intermediolateral nuclei, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Question 28

Parabrachial Nucleus Autonomic Function

Answer 28

Viscerosensory information TO the forebrain and paraventricular nucleus

Question 29

Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Autonomic Function

Answer 29

Serotonin release to regulate pain reaction

Question 30

Vetrolateral Medulla Autonomic Function

Answer 30

Regulation of blood pressure

Question 31

Pontomedullary Reticular Formation Autonomic Function

Answer 31

Startle response

Question 32

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Sleep Wake Regulation

Answer 32

Ventral lateral preoptic, mammillary, and suprachiasmatic

Question 33

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Heat Dissipation

Answer 33

Anterior

Question 34

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Heat Retention

Answer 34

Posterior

Question 35

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Appetite Suppression

Answer 35

Ventromedial

Question 36

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Appetite Activation

Answer 36

Lateral

Question 37

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Thirst

Answer 37

Anterior

Question 38

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Limbic System

Answer 38

Lateral and mammillary

Question 39

Hypothalamic Tract of Circadian Rhythms

Answer 39

Retinohypothalamic tract

Question 40

Hypothalamic Nuclei of Sleep Initiation

Answer 40

Ventral Lateral Preoptic

Question 41

Structure of REM Initiation

Answer 41

Preoptic sleep center

Question 42

Structure of REM Inhibition

Answer 42

Lateral Hypothalamus

Question 43

Chemical of REM Inhibition

Answer 43

Orexin

Question 44

Decreased orexin receptors are linked to what pathology?

Answer 44

Narcolepsy

Question 45

Structures of Urine Control

Answer 45

Medial preoptic area and lateral hypothalamic area

Question 46

Pontine urination center projects to what?

Answer 46

Parasympathetic neurons that contract bladder