Week 8: Mood disorders Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a mood disorder?
A mental health problem that primarily affects a person’s emotional state. A person may experience long periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness or both
How long do symptoms need to be present for a person to be diagnosed with depression?
2 weeks
How many symptoms from the DSM5 do you need to be diagnosed with depression?
5 or more
What 4 things have to be occurring to be diagnosed with depression?
- Symptoms are causing clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other functioning
- Episode not caused by physiological effects, substances or medical condition
- Episode should not be explained by schizophrenia or psychotic disorders
- No history of manic or hyper manic episodes
Mild depression?
Some difficulty in concentrating in ordinary work and social activities but will not cease to function completely
Severe depression?
Unlikely that they will be able to continue with social, work or domestic activities
Explain the adverse life events and depression cycle
People who have gone through adverse life events are more likely to develop depression.
Can lead to more stress and dysfunction and make the life events worse, worsening depression
Depression and physical health?
There are interrelationships between depression and physical health
E.g CVD can lead to depression
What preventions have been used in elderly for depression?
Exercise programs
Postpartum depression?
Occurs during pregnancy or after delivery
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
Chronic form lasting for at least 2 years
May occasionally lessen and worsen in severity during this time
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
Occurs during certain seasons of the year.
Typically late autumn early winter until spring or summer
Psychotic depression?
Severe.
Often combined with psychotic episodes such as hallucinations or delusions
Episodes may be upsetting, disturbing and often have a theme
Depression may also be related to….
A medical condition, medication or substance abuse
Recurrent depressive disorder?
Repeated depressive episodes
Depressed moods, loss of interest and enjoyment, reduced energy and lethargy for at least 2 weeks
Psychological treatments for depression?
CBT
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Can be individualised or group form
What other treatments (other than psychological) are available for depression?
SSRIs - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SNRIs - serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
TCAs - tricyclic antidepressants
MAOIs - monoamine oxidase inhibitors
ECT - electroconvulsvie therapy
Ketamine therapy
SSRI examples?
Prozac
Paxil
Celexa
Zoloft
SSNI examples?
Cymbalta (duloxetine)
Effexor (venlafaxine)
Meridian (subutramine)
What are tricyclic antidepressants?
They have 3 rings in their chemical structure hence the name
Mode of action is to block the reuptake of serotonin, noradrenaline, histamines and acetylcholine
Tricyclic antidepressants are considered a dirty drug. What does this mean?
Less specific in what they target. This may lead to some side effects
What are monoamine oxidise inhbitiors?
Mode of action: monoamine oxidizers are involved in the reuptake and breaking down of neurotransmitters
By inhibiting this there is less breakdown and more neurotransmitter available
Acts on noradrenaline and serotonin
What is ECT?
Being put under anesthetic and having a current applied to the brain that induces a seizure
Rapidly relieves depressive symptoms
What severity of depression is ECT recommended for?
Severe. Only when they are resistant to drug and psychotherapy
