Week 9 Flashcards
Anti-hypertensives Agents
1
Q
What is hypertension?
A
Hypertension is a condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure.
2
Q
What are the main classes of antihypertensive agents?
A
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers.
3
Q
What is the primary action of diuretics in hypertension treatment?
A
They promote the excretion of sodium and water, reducing blood volume.
4
Q
Name a common diuretic used in hypertension management.
A
Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide.
5
Q
What does ACE stand for?
A
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme.
6
Q
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
A
They inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation.
7
Q
Name a common ACE inhibitor.
A
Enalapril (Vasotec).
8
Q
What is the role of angiotensin II in the body?
A
It causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.
9
Q
What are ARBs?
A
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, which block the action of angiotensin II.
10
Q
Name a common ARB.
A
Losartan (Cozaar).
11
Q
What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers?
A
They block calcium entry into cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased heart contractility.
12
Q
Name a common calcium channel blocker.
A
Amlodipine (Norvasc).
13
Q
What is the effect of beta-blockers on the heart?
A
They decrease heart rate and myocardial contractility.
14
Q
Name a common beta-blocker.
A
Metoprolol (Lopressor).
15
Q
What is the target blood pressure for low-risk patients?
A
SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg.
16
Q
What is the recommended blood pressure threshold for initiating treatment in high-risk patients?
A
SBP ≥ 130 mmHg.
17
Q
What is the significance of the 2020 CHEP guidelines?
A
They provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypertension.
18
Q
What is the role of lifestyle modifications in managing hypertension?
A
They can help lower blood pressure and reduce the need for medication.
19
Q
What is the recommended follow-up for patients starting antihypertensive therapy?
A
Follow-up within 1 month to assess blood pressure response.
20
Q
What is the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure?
A
High sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure.
21
Q
What is the role of potassium in hypertension management?
A
Adequate potassium intake can help lower blood pressure.
22
Q
What is the significance of the term “white coat hypertension”?
A
It refers to elevated blood pressure readings in a clinical setting due to anxiety.
23
Q
What is the recommended approach for managing resistant hypertension?
A
Evaluate for secondary causes and consider combination therapy.
24
Q
What is the primary goal of antihypertensive therapy?
A
To achieve and maintain target blood pressure levels.
25
What is the role of statins in hypertensive patients?
They provide vascular protection for high-risk patients.
26
What is the recommended use of low-dose ASA in hypertensive patients?
For patients over 50 years old, unless BP is uncontrolled.
27
What is the significance of the term "complicated hypertension"?
It refers to hypertension associated with other clinical conditions.
28
What is the effect of lifestyle factors like diet and exercise on hypertension?
They can significantly lower blood pressure and improve overall health.
29
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in patients with diabetes?
Aggressive management of blood pressure to reduce cardiovascular risk.
30
What is the role of the healthcare provider in managing hypertension?
To assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate treatment and education.
31
What is the effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure?
Excessive alcohol can raise blood pressure.
32
What is the significance of the term "hypertensive crisis"?
It refers to severely elevated blood pressure that requires immediate treatment.
33
What is the role of patient education in managing hypertension?
It empowers patients to understand their condition and adhere to treatment.
34
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in older adults?
Start with lower doses of medications and monitor closely.
35
What is the effect of stress on blood pressure?
Stress can lead to temporary increases in blood pressure.
36
What is the role of the nurse in hypertension management?
To educate patients, monitor blood pressure, and assist with medication management.
37
What is the significance of the term "secondary hypertension"?
It refers to high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition.
38
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in patients with heart failure?
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics
39
What is the role of community resources in hypertension management?
They provide support and education to help individuals manage their blood pressure.
40
What is the effect of weight loss on blood pressure?
Weight loss can lead to significant reductions in blood pressure.
41
What is the significance of the term "hypertension awareness"?
It refers to the understanding and recognition of high blood pressure as a health issue.
42
What is the role of technology in hypertension management?
It can assist with monitoring and tracking blood pressure readings.
43
What is the recommended follow-up for patients with newly diagnosed hypertension?
Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment as needed.
44
What is the effect of caffeine on blood pressure?
Caffeine can cause temporary increases in blood pressure.
45
What is the significance of the term "hypertension screening"?
It refers to the process of measuring blood pressure to identify individuals with hypertension.
46
What is the role of dietary changes in managing hypertension?
They can help lower blood pressure and improve overall health.
47
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in children?
Individualized treatment based on age, weight, and underlying conditions.
48
What is the effect of smoking on blood pressure?
Smoking can raise blood pressure and increase cardiovascular risk.
49
What is the significance of the term "hypertension-related complications"?
They refer to health issues that arise due to uncontrolled high blood pressure.
50
What is the role of patient adherence in hypertension management?
It is crucial for achieving and maintaining target blood pressure.
51
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs to protect kidney function.
52
What is the effect of physical activity on blood pressure?
Regular exercise can lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health.
53
What is the significance of the term "hypertension guidelines"?
They provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypertension.
54
What is the role of the pharmacist in hypertension management?
To provide medication counseling and support adherence to treatment.
55
What is the recommended follow-up for patients on antihypertensive therapy?
Regular monitoring of blood pressure and assessment of side effects.
56
What is the effect of dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure?
It can lead to significant reductions in blood pressure.
57
What is the significance of the term "hypertension prevalence"?
It refers to the proportion of the population affected by high blood pressure.
58
What is the role of support groups in managing hypertension?
They provide encouragement and shared experiences for individuals with hypertension.
59
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in patients with a history of stroke?
Aggressive blood pressure control with appropriate medications.
60
What is the importance of regular follow-up for patients with hypertension?
To ensure effective management and prevent complications.
61
What is the role of the healthcare team in managing hypertension?
To provide comprehensive care, including medication management and lifestyle counseling.
62
What is the effect of high cholesterol on hypertension?
It can contribute to cardiovascular disease and worsen hypertension.
63
What is the significance of the term "hypertension education"?
It refers to the process of informing patients about managing their blood pressure.
64
What is the role of regular blood pressure monitoring at home?
It helps patients track their blood pressure and manage their condition effectively.
65
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with peripheral vascular disease?
Use of appropriate antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications.
66
What is the effect of obesity on blood pressure?
Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing hypertension.
67
What is the significance of the term "hypertension management plan"?
It is a structured approach to managing a patient's blood pressure and overall health.
68
What is the role of exercise in hypertension management?
Regular physical activity can lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health
69
What is the recommended dietary approach for managing hypertension?
A diet low in sodium and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
70
What is the effect of stress management on blood pressure?
Effective stress management can help lower blood pressure.
71
What is the significance of the term "hypertension risk factors"?
They are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing hypertension.
72
What is the role of patient empowerment in hypertension management?
It encourages patients to take an active role in their health care decisions.
73
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with heart disease?
Comprehensive management including medication and lifestyle changes.
74
What is the effect of sleep apnea on blood pressure?
Sleep apnea can lead to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.
75
What is the significance of the term "hypertension control"?
It refers to maintaining blood pressure within target levels.
76
What is the role of community health programs in hypertension management?
They provide education and resources to help individuals manage their blood pressure.
77
What is the recommended follow-up for patients with resistant hypertension?
Regular monitoring and evaluation for secondary causes.
78
What is the effect of dietary fiber on blood pressure?
A high-fiber diet can help lower blood pressure.
79
What is the significance of the term "hypertension treatment adherence"?
It refers to the extent to which patients follow their prescribed treatment regimen.
80
What is the role of telehealth in hypertension management?
It allows for remote monitoring and consultation, improving access to care.
81
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome?
Comprehensive management including lifestyle changes and medication.
82
What is the effect of high blood pressure on kidney function
It can lead to kidney damage and chronic kidney disease.
83
What is the significance of the term "hypertension screening programs"?
They aim to identify individuals with high blood pressure early for intervention.
84
What is the role of family history in hypertension risk?
A family history of hypertension increases an individual's risk of developing the condition.
85
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with anxiety disorders?
Address both hypertension and anxiety through appropriate treatment.
86
What is the effect of regular health check-ups on hypertension management?
They help in early detection and management of high blood pressure.
87
What is the significance of the term "hypertension-related morbidity"?
It refers to health complications arising from uncontrolled high blood pressure.
88
What is the role of dietary potassium in hypertension management?
It helps counteract the effects of sodium and can lower blood pressure.
89
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with a history of heart attack?
Aggressive blood pressure control and lifestyle modifications.
90
What is the effect of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health?
It improves heart health and can lower blood pressure.
91
What is the significance of the term "hypertension management strategies"?
They are methods used to control and reduce high blood pressure.
92
What is the role of patient feedback in hypertension management?
It helps healthcare providers adjust treatment plans based on patient experiences.
93
What is the recommended dietary approach for patients with hypertension?
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low in sodium.
94
What is the effect of smoking cessation on blood pressure?
Quitting smoking can lead to lower blood pressure and improved health.
95
What is the significance of the term "hypertension awareness campaigns"?
They aim to educate the public about the risks and management of hypertension.
96
What is the role of regular exercise in preventing hypertension?
It helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces blood pressure.
97
What is the recommended approach for managing hypertension in patients with chronic conditions?
Individualized treatment plans that address both hypertension and the chronic condition.
98
What is the effect of high blood pressure on cardiovascular health?
It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications.
99
What is the significance of the term "hypertension management guidelines"?
They provide evidence-based recommendations for treating and managing hypertension.
100
What is the role of healthcare providers in hypertension education?
To inform patients about their condition, treatment options, and lifestyle changes.
