Week 9 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Q1: What are parental chromosomes?
Parental chromosomes are the chromosomes inherited directly from the parents, with no recombination between them.
They carry the same combination of alleles as the original chromosomes from the parents.
Q2: What are recombinant chromosomes?
Recombinant chromosomes are the result of genetic recombination (crossing over) between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
These chromosomes have a new combination of alleles different from the parental chromosomes, due to the exchange of genetic material.
Q3: How are parental and recombinant chromosomes formed differently?
Parental chromosomes remain unchanged from the original parental chromosomes.
Recombinant chromosomes are formed when crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to the exchange of alleles between the chromosomes.
Q4: How do we map chromosomes using recombination frequency?
The recombination frequency (RF) is a measure of how often recombination occurs between two genes during meiosis. It reflects how physically close or far two genes are on the chromosome.
Higher RF suggests genes are farther apart, while lower RF means genes are closer together and likely to be inherited together.
Q5: What is the formula for calculating recombination frequency (RF)?
Recombination frequency (RF)= number of recombiant offspring/ total number of offspring x 100
RF is measured in percentage, and it gives an estimate of the distance between two genes on a chromosome.
Q6: How do we calculate map units (MU)?
Map units (MU) are used to measure the distance between two genes on a chromosome.
1 MU = 1% recombination frequency.
Example: If the recombination frequency between two genes is 10%, they are 10 map units apart on the chromosome.
Q7: How do we use recombination frequency to map genes?
Genes with low recombination frequency (RF < 50%) are considered linked genes, meaning they are close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
High RF (50%) indicates independent assortment, meaning the genes are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.
Q8: What is the purpose of a chi-square test in genetics?
The chi-square test is used to determine whether the observed genetic data (such as offspring ratios) fit the expected ratios based on Mendelian inheritance patterns.
It helps determine whether the genes are linked (inherited together) or unlinked (assort independently).
Q1: What are parental chromosomes?
Parental chromosomes are the chromosomes inherited directly from the parents, with no recombination between them.
They carry the same combination of alleles as the original chromosomes from the parents.
Q2: What are recombinant chromosomes?
Recombinant chromosomes are the result of genetic recombination (crossing over) between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
These chromosomes have a new combination of alleles different from the parental chromosomes, due to the exchange of genetic material.
Q3: How are parental and recombinant chromosomes formed differently?
Parental chromosomes remain unchanged from the original parental chromosomes.
Recombinant chromosomes are formed when crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to the exchange of alleles between the chromosomes.
Q4: How do we map chromosomes using recombination frequency?
The recombination frequency (RF) is a measure of how often recombination occurs between two genes during meiosis. It reflects how physically close or far two genes are on the chromosome.
Higher RF suggests genes are farther apart, while lower RF means genes are closer together and likely to be inherited together.
Q5: What is the formula for calculating recombination frequency (RF)?
Recombination Frequency(RF)= Number of recombinant offspring/ total number of offspring x 100
RF is measured in percentage, and it gives an estimate of the distance between two genes on a chromosome.
Q6: How do we calculate map units (MU)?
Map units (MU) are used to measure the distance between two genes on a chromosome.
1 MU = 1% recombination frequency.
Example: If the recombination frequency between two genes is 10%, they are 10 map units apart on the chromosome.
Q7: How do we use recombination frequency to map genes?
Genes with low recombination frequency (RF < 50%) are considered linked genes, meaning they are close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
High RF (50%) indicates independent assortment, meaning the genes are on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.
Q8: What is the purpose of a chi-square test in genetics?
The chi-square test is used to determine whether the observed genetic data (such as offspring ratios) fit the expected ratios based on Mendelian inheritance patterns.
It helps determine whether the genes are linked (inherited together) or unlinked (assort independently).
Q10: How do we interpret the chi-square test results?
If the calculated chi-square value is greater than the critical value for a given significance level, the genes are likely linked.
If the calculated chi-square value is less than the critical value, the genes are likely unlinked, meaning they assort independently.
