Week 9 Flashcards
Roy Baumeister’s article suggests _____ might be a better thing to focus on than self esteem
Self-control
Americans are high in self esteem, even though it was once believed there was an epidemic of being low.
Self control predicts many good things.
Is probably used by non profits in their self esteem boosting courses
The definition of self esteem does not imply anything about?
Reality
According to Baumeister’s, High (low) Self esteem, does not help.
Grades
Rela
Less aggression (in fact it lead to narcissism)
Sex, drugs or
Buffering hypothesis of stress (weak argument)
Not cultivated, but maintained in current culture, externalized therefore.
The benefits of high self esteem according to Baumeister’s?
More happiness, greater initiative, (acting on beliefs and impulses)
Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory
H
Marcia’s system of categorizing identity status
Interview code children achievement
Eriksons psychological model and an aside.
Very young issues of trust,
Late adolescence, central issue regards identity
Identity crisis, Koestner had this at 20.
Colgate university full scholarship. Mom said no. Columbia university instead. Commute needed, was miserable. Working at Macy’s to pay, friends wanted idea how k could improve himself. Listen to specific albums, help you buy some clothes for yourself. Wore same thing all time. Mom shipped.
John tough guy, thought too meek, taikwando. Authoritarian, please stop hurting me, studying midterm, karate, mom upset, you be become a moonie, fear might join religious organizTion moonie, mass weddings, universities,
Mom neurotic, but you too need to do more work on identity,
Ppl wanted to help you move along.
Eriksons psycosocial stages
●1. Trust - 1st year of life.
●2. Autonomy - age 2
●3. Initiative - age 4-5
●4. Industry vs inferiority (are you good?) - childhood to mid-adolescence.
●5. Identity*** - late adolescence/young adulthood
●6. Intimacy - young adulthood
●7. Generativity - midlife
●8. Integrity - old age
All before and after identiy
Who am I
Physical, bodily transformation, push rethink how we are,
Cognitive changes, formal operations, think more creatively, significant, consider alternative, unlike child that just accepts. Think in new ways.
Expectation by others that you find identity.
Spider-man identity issues.
Mary Jane, unsure, can you really have intimate rela if you do not know who you are yet?
Some evidence yes!
James Marcia Research Approach
2 steps
●1. exploration – genuinely looking at and experimenting with alternative beliefs and directions. Do I concur, family stuff.
●2. commitment – choosing to pursue certain roles and outlooks that define how you see yourself fitting into adult world.
Ex. Career track. K social worker, clinical psychology.
●Occupational Goals
●Personal Ideology
●Identity Status interview
Focus on religious and political beliefs.
Explored and commitments.
Looking for commitment.
Identity status catehpgories
Explored, vs commitments.
It is a progressive act.
Explore diffusion, rat odium, identity achieved stance.
Foreclosure, no exploration, cultural thing, so this is what I am meant to do. Problematic.
Decisions on whhc identity stance, determined by
Relidpgion, political career.
Achieved identity if you can explain the process of coming to a though. Shows exploration and commitment.
Diffusion features and other categories
●Diffusion: alienated and isolated; distant from parents. Withdrawn. Dis photic short interviews. Problematic one. Life not going so well.
●Foreclosure: goal-directed, very close to family, choose similar friends. Mature consciencious. Conventional. Most stable, rigid. Don’t really move on unless something big happens. Death, divorce. Lacks solid foundation.
●Moratorium: preoccupied and struggling; marked ambivalence toward parents. Spider-Man clip, seems. Like they are at this stage. Turn interview into counsellong session, appear neurotic. Friends rela, intense and short lived.
●Achievement: trust themselves; able to explain their choices, view parents in a balanced reconciled way. Calm, friends rela, of depth and commitment possible. So I want to find a gal at this level.
Research on Identity Status shows?
●Self-Esteem change after feedback, bolstered.
Too two categories, self esteem did not change. Foreclosed plummeted. Easy to move around, tied to external pressure.
●Identity status change over time?
Yes, there is a developmental progression, on average later on, does not happen to all.
●Identity status Relation to intimacy status?
Number of studies use parallel question showing development of rela. Code depth of relationships, for intimacy status.
-Look for depth and commitment. And the categories used are?
●Isolate – lacks enduring personal relationships, like Sheldon
●Stereotyped – Rels lack depth. Seinfeld.
●Pre-Intimate – Friends but not commitment
●Intimate – Commitment and mutuality, Mary Jane and Peter and Gwen,
pseudo-intimate
Married, friends, or intimate, but lacks, the depth.
Playboys, included in stereotyped, like Seinfeld.
Very related to identity status
Identity issues, are
Developmentally focused,
Most interesting category, identity moratorium, likely you look neurotic, uncertain of yourself. But really caught up in crisis of identiy issues. Once resolved, suddenly will not seem so neurotic. Happens for most, but some more so than others,
Identity system most useful for western population but
In many parts of he world ppl do not have as many chooses for religion or career. Emphasis placed on accepting authority, most people foreclosed. Result shows that is problematic, foreclosed stance unknown why we do things.
Cannot explore identity, disoriented.
Stages, look like they have been elongated
In other words, identity is what we face now, not intimacy.
Generatifity vs stagnation, what comes before
Intimacy vs isolation,
Identity, vs identity diffusion
Generarativity is?
Concern of Well being of youth in subsequent generations
Generative can be measured in interview but
Use self report
- Use self report, asking questions how involved in helping other people develop. How much energy in teaching mentoring developing.
- How inclusive vs exclusive involvement is. More inclusive more people children,
Example, of k high school friend.
Learning about friends life, and compare to k.
Focused on where they were each at. Friend had so much energy. Professor. Book writing, took up fiddle at 43. Writes historical novels.
When Koestner heard about what this guy Ws doing, k leisure diversionary activities, relaxing no creative aspect. Him more creative.
Friend nt to Rome, tableau vivante,
Marcia chapter,
Table shows four adult stages,
Each psychosocial stage has an issue that must be resolved to move onto the next stage, gain a personal strength. There is recoverability, not all lost though.
The virtue were expected to derive is FIDELITY for identity, capacity to stay connected, committed, anchored,
LOVE, with intimacy.
Generative tt, involvement in the care for others and how inclusive involvement is, virtue is CARING
You can move from one stage to another and see links
Linking of development stage at each of there resistive level.s isolated, stems from diffusion., more likely to reach highest level of intimacy.
McAdams model of generativity?
When we are in our 30-40 generative concerns are likely to emerge.
Biological and psychological, something within makes us more concerned.
But societal expectation too.
Men’s club example. Church,
Nominated to be on executive comittee. Stressed managing churches finances. K thinks its generative, but I think this is a bit of a stretch.
Concern, (exploration) –> commitment, -> action
Evolving life story you tell. Should here change themes, from identity sand intimacy, to generativity and legacy of contribution.
