Week 9

Question 1

How many children suffer from mental illness

Answer 1

1 in 5

Question 2

how many children with mental illness get help

Answer 2

only 20-25%

Question 3

what is the most prevalent mental disorder seen in kids?

Answer 3

ADHD, followed by anxiety and major depressive disorders

Question 4

what types of families rae more likely to have children with mental disorders?

Answer 4

• step, blended or one parent families
• families renting
• where one or both carers are unemployed

Question 5

What are some of the risk factors for childhood mental illness in regards to the child?

Answer 5

Risk factors:

• Difficult temperament
• low self-esteem
• negative thinking style

Question 6

What are some of the protective factors for childhood mental illness in regards to the child?

Answer 6

• easy temperament
• good social and emotional skills
• optimistic coping style

Question 7

what are the key areas where risk factors and protective factors play a role in childhood mental illness?

Answer 7

• child themselves
• family
• school
• life events
• social

Question 8

what are the most common anxious disorders in children?

Answer 8

• phobias
• generalised anxiety disorder
• seperation anxiety

Question 9

when is anxiety an issue in children?

Answer 9

• when they are more anxious than others
• when it stops them participation
• interferes with ability to do things that others kids can do

Question 10

what sings an symptoms could you see in a child with depression?

Answer 10

hard to engage and motivate
constant low mood
may cry and whinge and be difficult to soothe
easily irritable
outbursts of anger

Question 11

what are 2 risk factors of adolescent suicide?

Answer 11

history of depression

between ages of 15-24

Question 12

What is ADHD?

Answer 12

a neuro-development disorder first appearing in childhood.

Question 13

what is the prevalence of ADHD?

Answer 13

3-5% - boys aged 6-9

Question 14

what is the aetiology causing ADHD?

Answer 14

genetic factors
perinatal, prenatal, postnatal factors
environmental factors
neurological theories
psychological theories

Question 15

what conditions fall under the autism spectrum?

Answer 15

• autistic disorder
• Asperger’s disorder
• Childhood disintegrative disorders
• rett’s disorder
• pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified

Question 16

define autism spectrum disorders?

Answer 16

autism spectrum disorders are disorders that influence the way the brain develops and works.

Question 17

what are the most common autism spectrum disorders

Answer 17

autism
high functioning autism
aspereger’s syndorme

Question 18

What are some physical signs of autism?

Answer 18

• hand flapping
• walking on tippy toes
• head banging
• consistent fussiness and screaming in public
• pouring drinks back and forth
• excessive aggression and biting
• lack of response to voice or sound
• avoids eye contact
• lack of speech & communication

Question 19

what are complications in assessing children with mental health illnesses?

Answer 19

• consider chroniological vs developmentl age
• be mindful of parents and what they have been through
• don’t judge
• identify reasons for behaviour rather than behaviour itself
• someone with autism may not react well to change or strangers

Question 20

should you stop repetitive behaviours in a child patient with mental health illnesses>

Answer 20

Avoid stopping behaviours, unless of risk of injury

Question 21

define an eating disorder according to dsm5

Answer 21

characterised by a persistent distrubance of eating or eting related behaviour that results in:

• altered consumption or absorption of food that significantly impairs physical health or psychological functioning

Question 22

what are some examples of eating disorders?

Answer 22

anorexia nervosa,
bulimic nervosa,
binge-eating and
Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)

Question 23

what is the prevalence of eating disorders in australia?

Answer 23

affects 9% of population

Question 24

What are the 9 truths about eating disorders?

Answer 24

C. Eating disorders are not choices but serious biologically influence illnesses

H. AN eating disorder diagnosis is a health crisis that disrupts personal and family functioning

A. Eating disorders affect people of all genders, ages, races, ethnicities, body shapes and weights, sexual orientations and socioeconomic statuses

F. Families are not to blame and can be the patients best allies in treatment

E. Genes and environment plat important roles in the development of eating disorders

R. Full recover from an eating disorder is possible. Early detection and intervention are important.

I. Eating disorders carry and increased risk for both suicide and medical complications

G. Gebnes alone fo not predict who will develop eating disorders

M. majority of people with eating disorders look healthy, but may be extremely ill

Question 25

what is the DSM5 criterial fro anorexia nervosa?

Answer 25

restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight. intense fear of gaining weights persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain lack of recognition of condition

Question 26

What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 26

10:1 femaile to male ratio

Question 27

What causes on the onset of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 27

often associated with with a stressful/traumatic event, perfectionism, OCD, anxiety, genetics and socio-cultural pressures to be thin.

Question 28

What are diagnostic markers for anorexia nervosa?

Answer 28

- Endocrine - looking at T4 levels in thyroid - Bone mass - low bone mineral density - Electroencephalography - fluid and electrlyte imbalance - Resting energy expenditure - Haematology - mild anaemia - Serum chemistry - dehydration - Electrocardiography - bradycradia

Question 29

What are the physical signs of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 29

- rapid weight loss - loss of disturbance in menstration - feeling cold - fainting/dizziness - feeling bloated/constipated - feeling tired and not sleeping well - Lethargy and low energy - facial changes - fine hair appearing on face and body

Question 30

What are the psychological signs of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 30

- preoccupation with eating, food, shape and weight - feeling anxious and irratible around meal times - fear of gaining weight - unable to maintainnormal body weight for their age - depression and anxiety - increased difficulty concentrating - distorded body image - low self esteem

Question 31

What are the behavioural signs of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 31

- dieting - deliberate misuse of laxitive and appetite suppressants - wearing baggy clothing - secrecy around eating compulsive/exessive exercising - radical changes in food preferences - self-harm

Question 32

what are consequences of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 32

- vomiting - light headeness - electrlyte imbalance - brain damage - anaemia - compromised immune system - intestinal problems - loss of menstration - risk of infertility - bad breath - lanugo - dry/yellow skin - brittle hair and nails - kidney failure - osteoperosis - heart problems

Question 33

What is the criteria for bulimia nervosa according to DSM5

Answer 33

Recurrent episodes of binge eating: – Eating, in a discrete period of time – An amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat – A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

Question 34

What are the physical signs of bulimia?

Answer 34

§ Frequent changes in weight (loss or gains) § Signs of damage due to vomiting including swelling around the cheeks or jaw, calluses on knuckles, damage to teeth and bad breath § Feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances to food § Loss of or disturbance of menstrual periods in girls and women § Fainting or dizziness § Feeling tired and not sleeping well

Question 35

What are the psychological signs of bulimia nervosa?

Answer 35

Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight § Sensitivity to comments relating to food, weight, body shape or exercise § Low self esteem and feelings of shame, self loathing or guilt, particularly after eating § Having a distorted body image § Obsession with food and need for control § Depression, anxiety or irritability § Extreme body dissatisfaction

Question 36

What are the behavioural signs of bulimia nervosa?

Answer 36

Evidence of binge eating § Vomiting or using laxatives, enemas, appetite suppressants or diuretics § Eating in private and avoiding meals with other people § Anti-social behaviour, spending more and more time alone § Repetitive or obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight § Secretive behaviour around food § Compulsive or excessive exercising - DIETING - FREQUENT TRIPS TO BATHROOM - SELF HARM/SUICIDE

Question 37

What are consequences of bulimua?

Answer 37

Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux – Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting – Stomach and intestinal ulcers, pancreatitis – Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxative – Osteoporosis– – Loss of or disturbance of menstrual periods in girls and women – Increased risk of infertility in men and women – Irregular or slow heart beat which can lead to an increased risk of heart failure – Destroyed enamel and jagged edges on teeth

Question 38

what is russels sign?

Answer 38

marks on hand from induced vomitting

Question 39

what are cli nical indicators for bulimia?

Answer 39

``` Russell's sign brusing on knees bloating chipmunk cheeks cutting ```

Question 40

What is binge eating disorder characterised by?

Answer 40

Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances – A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

Question 41

What are the physical signs of binge eating?

Answer 41

Feeling tired and not sleeping well § Feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances to food § Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight § Extreme body dissatisfaction and shame about their appearance § Feelings of extreme distress, sadness, anxiety and guilt during and after a binge episode § Low self-esteem § Increased sensitivity to comments relating to food, weight, body shape, exercise § Depression, anxiety or irritability

Question 42

what are the behavioural signs of binge eating?

Answer 42

Evidence of binge eating (e.g. disappearance or hoarding of food) § Secretive behaviour relating to food (e.g. hiding food and food wrappers around the house) § Evading questions about eating and weight § Increased isolation and withdrawal from activities previously enjoyed § Erratic behaviour (e.g. shoplifting food or spending large amounts of money on food) § Self harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts

Question 43

What is body dysmorphia disorders?

Answer 43

a pschiatric disorder characterised by sever preoccupation with an imagine of slight deficit in one's appearance.