Week 9- Endocronology

Question 1

what system is an information signaling system that uses blood vessels to send information

Answer 1

endocrinology

Question 2

secrete hormones DIRECTLY into the bloodstream

is that endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 2

endocrine

Question 3

send chemical substances via DUCTS to the outside of the body (sweat, mammary, mucous, salivary, lacrimal (tear) glands)
is that endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 3

exocrine

Question 4

A small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain; master gland

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

what is another name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

hypophysis

Question 6

what is the name of the anterior lobe of the pituitary and what type of tissue does it have?

Answer 6

the adenohypophysis - glandular epithelial tissue

Question 7

what is the name of the posterior lobe of the pituitary and what type of tissue does it have?

Answer 7

the neurohypophysis - nervous tissue

Question 8

the pituitary gland is under the control of ____

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

Answer 9

1. Growth Hormone (GH)
2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
4. FSH
5. LH
6. Prolactin

Question 10

what hormone does the following:

1. Promotes protein synthesis that results in growth of bones, muscles and other tissue
2. Stimulates the liver to secrete insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) which stimulates growth of bones 3. Increases blood glucose levels and secreted during exercise, sleep and hypoglycemia

Answer 10

growth hormone

Question 11

stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 11

TSH

Question 12

stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and increases its secretion of steroid hormones, like cortisol

Answer 12

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 13

what hormone growth of eggs in females and production of sperm in males

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

what hormone stimulate ovulation in females and testosterone production in males

Answer 14

LH

Question 15

what hormone stimulate breast tissue development during pregnancy and sustain milk production after birth

Answer 15

prolactin

Question 16

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Answer 16

1. antidieuretichorome (ADH)

2. oxytocin

Question 17

stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules; increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles

Answer 17

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

Question 18

stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth and maintains labor during childbirth; also secreted during suckling (breastfeeding) and causes production of milk from the mammary glands

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

what are the 3 hormones the thyroid makes?

Answer 19

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin

Question 20

what is needed to make T3 and T4

Answer 20

1. iodine

2. tyrosine

Question 21

Secreted when calcium levels in the blood are HIGH

Answer 21

calcitonin

Question 22

what hormone helps to mobilize calcium FROM bones into the bloodstream where calcium is necessary for proper functioning of body tissues (especially muscle contraction)

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone

Question 23

what does the adrenal cortex secret?

Answer 23

secretes steroids/corticosteroids (from cholesterol)

Question 24

what does the adrenal medulla secret?

Answer 24

secretes catecholamines (from amino acids)

Question 25

Three types of corticosteroids:

Answer 25

1. Glucocorticoids (“SUGAR”) 2. Mineralocorticoids (“SALT”) 3. Sex Hormones (“SEX”)

Question 26

Cortisol is the major

Answer 26

glucocorticoid

Question 27

metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins within all body cells and have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect

Answer 27

Glucocorticoids (one of the corticiosteriods)

Question 28

the major hormone is aldosterone which regulates concentration of mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body Acts on kidney to reabsorb sodium and water and to excrete potassium helping to regulate blood volume, bl

Answer 28

Mineralocorticoids (“SALT”)

Question 29

Two types of catecholamines:

Answer 29

1. Epinephrine | 2. Norepienphrine

Question 30

increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates bronchial tubes and releases stored glucose from glycogen when the body needs it for more energy

Answer 30

epiephrine/adrenaline

Question 31

constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure

Answer 31

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Question 32

____cells - produce insulin - LOWERS blood glucose by

Answer 32

beta

Question 33

______ cells - produce glucagon - RAISES blood glucose by: | 1. Promote conversion of glycogen back to glucose in the liver

Answer 33

Alpha

Question 34

pinecone gland located in the center of the brain that secrets melatonin

Answer 34

pineal gland

Question 35

enlargement of the thyroid gland; caused by low iodine levels and subsequent low T3 and low T4 levels and eventual enlargement of the gland

Answer 35

goiter

Question 36

overactivity of the thyroid gland; the most common form is called Graves’ disease (autoimmune process); causes increase in heart rate, higher body temperature, weight loss, diarrhea; also causes exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs) due to swelling behind the eye

Answer 36

hyperthyrodism

Question 37

underactivity of the thyroid gland; everything SLOWS down; sluggishness, fatigue, constipation, slow heart rate, cold intolerance

Answer 37

hypothyroidism

Question 38

excess cortisol production from the adrenal cortex; can lead to obesity, a “moon-like fullness of the face”, excess fat deposition in the thoracic region of the back, often referred to as a “buffalo hump” and hyperglycemia

Answer 38

cushing syndrome- face gets cushy like a pillow

Question 39

underfunctioning of the adrenal cortex; aldosterone and cortisol are low; fatigue, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia

Answer 39

Addisons disease

Question 40

Which hormone has the function of increasing calcium levels when it gets to low?

Answer 40

parathyroid hormone

Question 41

Two types of catecholamines

Answer 41

1. epinephrine | 2. noriepinephrine

Question 42

the Adrenal cortex secretes _________-

Answer 42

corticosteroids

Question 43

the adrenal medulla secretes __________

Answer 43

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)